1. Bonding
How are chemical bonds formed?

2. Chemical Bonds
• Atoms are most stable _______________
_________________________________
• To obtain a full shell atoms can:
–______________or __________ electrons
(forming cations or anions)
–___________ electrons (form a covalent
bond)

3. Covalent Bonds
• Non-metals generally have 4,5,6,7 or 8 electrons in
the outer shell
• If they bond with each other, electrons are shared
Cl Cl
valence electrons can be shared
Cl Cl
Outer shells overlap and
valence electrons are shared

4. Bonds
• Covalent bonds
– _________________________________________
_________________________________________
– Valence electrons are shared between
___________ atoms to fill a an atom’s octet
• ___ shared electrons: single bond
• ___shared electrons: double bond
• ___shared electrons: triple bond

5. Lewis Dot Structures –
Representing Elements
• Identify the number
of valence electrons
in each atom.
• Spread them around
the atom symbol –
first individually,
then in pairs
• Oxygen= _________
O

6. Lewis Dot structures of molecules
• Method #1
– Put your atoms together.
– If Octet is not filled, slide e-
pairs to form double, triple
bonds.
• Method #2
– Count total number of
valence electrons.
– Fill central atom’s octet
first
– Create double, triple bonds
if necessary.

7. Covalent compounds
• Draw electronic structure diagrams to show
how the following elements or compounds
are formed:
– Methane (CH4)
– Oxygen (O2)
– Nitrogen (N2)
– Water (H2O)
– Carbon dioxide (CO2)
– Carbon monoxide (CO)

8. Naming Covalent Compounds
• Draw the structure to find out how many of
each element there are.
• Write the formula with correct subscripts.
• Name the formula- write the names of the
elements.
• Include prefixes to match subscripts.
– NO MONO- on the first element!
• Make sure there’s an “-ide” on the end.

9. Prefixes
• 1- Mono-
• 2- Di-
• 3-
• 4-
• 5-
• 6-
• 7-

10. Covalent name formula
• To do this you….

11. Fill in the following table:
# EACH ATOM FORMULA NAME Bond types
1 CARBON, 4
CHLORINE
HS2
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide
2Nitrogen
4Oxygen