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Desperation Versus Innovation: Measuring Ethical Climate in Evolving Newsrooms,[object Object],By Jennifer Brannock Cox,[object Object],University of Florida,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],Traditional newspapers are changing,[object Object],11 newspapers closed in 2009,[object Object],8 newspapers adopted online-only format,[object Object],Almost 15,000 newspaper jobs lost,[object Object],Journalists regard ethics as being fundamental,[object Object],Are changes affecting perspectives on                                              ethics (ethical climates)?,[object Object],Source: www.delawareonline.com,[object Object]
Study Variables – Types of News Organization,[object Object],“Traditional Newspapers” ,[object Object],Those with a print & online product,[object Object],Traditional reporters are stressed, over-worked,[object Object],“Online-Only Newspapers”,[object Object],Both start-ups & print-to-online transitions,[object Object],Same folks; different training,[object Object],New sense of optimism,[object Object],Source: http://blog.searchenginewatch.com,[object Object]
Study Variables –Ethical Climate,[object Object],Born out of “organizational climate” and “business ethics” studies,[object Object],Primarily used to characterize employees’ views of ethical practices in their organization,[object Object],Ethical climate highly linked to job satisfaction 	(Elçi & Alpkan, 2008),[object Object],Ethical climate best affected when journalists are involved in writing of ethical codes (Battistoli, 2008)   ,[object Object]
Research Questions,[object Object],RQ1: Have traditional print journalists and editors noticed changes in ethical climate since the adoption of an online product? If so, what are they?,[object Object],RQ2: How are the ethical practices of those in the newsroom viewed by traditional and online-only journalists and editors?,[object Object],RQ3: Does the conveyance of ethical policies affect ethical climate in traditional and online-only newsrooms?,[object Object],RQ4: Does ethical climate differ in traditional newsrooms versus online-only newsrooms? ,[object Object]
Method,[object Object],10 reporters & editors,[object Object],2 “large” traditional organizations; 2 online-only organizations,[object Object],In-depth interviews loosely based on Victor and Cullen’s (1988) ethical climate categories,[object Object],Caring, law and code, communication, conflicts of interest and online practices  ,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ1: Have traditional print journalists and editors noticed changes in ethical climate since the adoption of an online product? If so, what are they?,[object Object],Advertising conflicts of interest,[object Object],Brick wall is weakening in both,[object Object],Some advertising content creeping into product,[object Object],More advertising involvement in editorial process,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ1: Have traditional print journalists and editors noticed changes in ethical climate since the adoption of an online product? If so, what are they?,[object Object],Accuracy,[object Object],Both agree accuracy sometimes sacrificed for speed,[object Object],Fewer editors overseeing copy,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ1: Have traditional print journalists and editors noticed changes in ethical climate since the adoption of an online product? If so, what are they?,[object Object],Content,[object Object],More salacious material given higher prominence,[object Object],“The standards are different.”  ,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ2: How are the ethical practices of those in the newsroom viewed by traditional and online-only journalists and editors?,[object Object],RQ3: Does the conveyance of ethical policies affect ethical climate in traditional and online-only newsrooms?,[object Object],Communication and ethics,[object Object],Both – adhere to “traditional newspaper ethics”,[object Object],Online – no written policies; Traditional – more defined,[object Object],Online – understood & reactionary; Traditional – e-mail, contracts,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ2: How are the ethical practices of those in the newsroom viewed by traditional and online-only journalists and editors?,[object Object],RQ3: Does the conveyance of ethical policies affect ethical climate in traditional and online-only newsrooms?,[object Object],Online vs. traditional attitudes ,[object Object],Traditional – unmoving; rules are rules,[object Object],Online – excited about developing “as we go”,[object Object],Confusion at times over violation penalties,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ4: Does ethical climate differ in traditional newsrooms versus online-only newsrooms? ,[object Object],Caring & Law and Code,[object Object],Traditional vs. online: many imagined differences,[object Object],Traditional: outdated,[object Object],Online: unethical and less committed to accuracy,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ4: Does ethical climate differ in traditional newsrooms versus online-only newsrooms? ,[object Object],Conflicts of interest – advertising,[object Object],Traditional – upset but quiet,[object Object],Online – optimistic about involving process,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ4: Does ethical climate differ in traditional newsrooms versus online-only newsrooms? ,[object Object],Online practices – Accuracy ,[object Object],Traditional – less editing, troubling,[object Object],Online – mistakes are easily corrected,[object Object],Online – feel more of a burden for accuracy due to lack of oversight,[object Object]
Findings – Emerging Themes,[object Object],RQ4: Does ethical climate differ in traditional newsrooms versus online-only newsrooms? ,[object Object],Online practices – Content,[object Object],Traditional – filling the page,[object Object],Online – contributing to archived legacy,[object Object]
Discussion,[object Object],Desperation vs. Innovation,[object Object],Sacrifices vs. Modifications,[object Object],Lack of communication regarding policies – could lead to trouble,[object Object],Limitations:,[object Object],Small sample,[object Object],Further quantifiable work needed,[object Object],Working to better define ,[object Object],organizational categories,[object Object]
Questions?,[object Object]

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Desperation vs. Innovation

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Notas do Editor

  1. All sources and organizations anonymous.“large” = 200,000+ circulation“online only” includes one traditional-turned-online and one online start-up.Victor & Cullen categories were used to guide the interview through the major ethical climate elements.
  2. Reporters commented that the standards for “what news is” have changed to drive up Web hits.
  3. Many reporters complained of situations where a co-worker was fired under circumstances that they found to be confusing because the ethical codes were unclear.
  4. Although they adhere to many of the same ethical policies, reporters and editors in traditional and online newsrooms imagine that their counterparts are acting differently. Online reporters view traditional reporters’ ethical practices as being outdated and archaic. Traditional reporters view online reporters as being unethical and less committed to rules and accuracy.
  5. Traditional reporters don’t like the breaking down of the metaphorical brick wall, but they are so concerned with keeping their jobs that they keep quiet about their anxiety. Online reporters are more excited about being involved in the business process of newspapers. They like having a stake in the business, whereas traditional reporters want to focus solely on the product.
  6. Traditional reporters are concerned about the speed of online and the limited editing prior to publication.Online staffers feel that small mistakes are easily corrected online. They also feel that they have more responsibility for the accuracy of their work because there is less editing. They argue that burden of responsibility makes them more careful with their content.
  7. Traditional reporters are still concerned primarily with filling the page every day whereas online producers feel like their work will be part of an archived legacy that is accessible forever. Some online-only reporters get paid a commission when people view their stories because their content drives up advertising page views.
  8. The bottom line is that traditional reporters view their reactions to the changes in ethical climate situations as acts of desperation, whereas online staffers believe they are part of a new wave of journalism innovation.Traditional reporters view their adherence to ethics changes as sacrifices. Online staffers view the changes as mere modifications to traditional ethical practices.One common theme appeared to be that ethical policies are rarely communicated clearly in both types of organizations. This lack of clarity could lead to trouble, especially at online organizations that don’t have a written policy. The study is limited in that it is exploratory. A small sample was used, and further quantifiable work is needed to detect organizational trends and differences. The researcher is working to better define the organizational categories in order to properly examine the differences between the newsroom types.