1. REAL PERFORMANCE OF GREEN
BUILDINGS
Stephen Carpenter
Enermodal Engineering
October 24, 2007

2. Green on the Grand
Office Building
 Winner of federal government C2000
design competition in 1996
 Goal of 50% energy reduction and minimal
environmental impact
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

3. Airtight Well-Insulated Envelope
 Double stud wall with cellulose insulation
 50 to 75 mm EIFS exterior
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

4. High-Performance Windows
 Triple-glazed with 2 low-e coatings and
argon gas fill
 Insulating edge spacer and fibreglass
frames
 Spectrally-selective
outer glazing
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

5. Daylighting & Indirect Lighting
 Natural light
supplemented by
indirect lighting
 Lighting power of
less than 10 W/m²
 Occupancy and
daylighting sensors
throughout
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

6. Radiant Heating and Cooling
 Radiant cooling
– First in N. America
– Better comfort, lower fan
energy and noise
 Air is dehumidified in air
handling unit
– Displacement ventilation
 New small scale gas-
fired chiller for cooling
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

7. Storm Water & Cooling Pond
 Chiller heat
rejected to cooling
pond
 Make-up water
provided by rain
water off roof
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

8. Initial Energy Performance
200
Natural Gas Electricity
180 DHW (Gas) Space Heating (Gas)
Lighting Plug Loads
Annual Energy Consumption [ekWh/m²]
160
Space Cooling Cooling Tower
140 Distribution Pumps Ventilation Fans High energy use
120
due primarily to
poor performing
100 gas chiller (avg.
COP 0.51)
80
60
40
20
0
Monitored, 1999 Monitored, 1999 Predicted 2006 Utility Estimated Calib
(Abs Chiller) (Elec Chiller Targets Baselin
Est.) Mo
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

9. Energy Performance after Chiller
Replacement
180 Natural Gas Electricity
DHW (Gas) Space Heating (Gas)
160
Lighting Plug Loads
Space Cooling Cooling Tower
Annual Energy Consumption [ekWh/m²]
140
Distribution Pumps Ventilation Fans
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2003 Utility 2004 Utility 2005 Utility 2006 Utility Calibrated Baseline
EE4 Model
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

10. How do we compare?
E nerg y Intens ity in ekWh/m2
700
600 E lectricity
Natural G as
500
400
300
200
100
0
C anadian O ffice O ffice & 10,000 - O ffice & C ons tructed G reen on the G rand
B uilding 49,999 s q. F t. 1990-1999
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

11. Summary
 Actual monitored performance is 118
kWm2, very close to original predicted of
106 kWh/m2
 Energy use is 70% lower than office
buildings constructed at the same time
 Energy efficiency measures could reduce
usage to 78 kWh/m2
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

12. Vaughan / York Region Station 7-9
LEED® Canada Gold
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

13. Tale of Two Fire Stations
 Station 79 was intended to be duplicate of 78
 79 was greened up but floor plan unaltered
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

14. Site and Water Measures
 Stormwater drains overland to TRCA land
 White concrete
 Naturalized landscaping including
wildflower ground cover
 No irrigation system
 56% water savings through waterless
urinals and low flow fixtures
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

15. Energy & Atmosphere Measures
Added
 argon and warm edge spacers
 Ventilation heat recovery
 Condensing gas furnaces
 Direct/indirect lighting on occupancy
sensors
 Expected 30% savings over Station 78
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

16. Monitored Energy Use
Energy Consumption - Est 4 Month Totals (February to May 2007)
1800
Natural Gas
1600 Electricity
1400
1200
ekWh/day
1000
800
600
400
200
0
78 Utility Bills 79 Utility Bills 79 Final Sim
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

17. Material Measures
 Recycled steel roof, white concrete (18% recycled)
 75% construction waste diversion
 51% FSC wood
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

18. Indoor Environmental Quality
Measures
 Larger and operable windows, skylight added to
fitness room
 CO2 control of ventilation
 Low-emitting wood
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

19. Cost of LEED
Station #78 Station #79
Overall Construction $3,334,000 $3,607,000
Cost (tendered 2004) (tendered 2005)
Incremental Cost for 8.2% or
LEED $20/ft2
Incremental Cost for 2.5 to 5.5% or
LEED adjusted for $6 to $13/ft2
inflation
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

20. Project Summary
 LEED Gold achieved at a cost of ~4%
 Monitored performance is matching
predicted values
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

21. Sisters of St Joseph Residence
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

22. Naturalized Landscaping
 Native landscaping
 Green roof terrace
 Grass-pave parking
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

23. Water Efficiency
 Eliminated irrigation (Xeriscaping)
 Use low-flow fixtures and dual
flush toilets
 Collect and use rainwater for
Waste water conveyance and
irrigation hose bibs
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

24. Energy Features
 Ground source heat pump throughout
 Condensing boiler for back-up and
domestic water heating
 In-suite HRVs for savings and better IAQ
 All fluorescent lighting controlled by
occupancy sensors
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

25. Energy Savings
 52% and $160,000/yr energy savings
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

26. Actual Performance:
August to mid-October
 Actual usage 12% less than predicted
 On-track to achieve over 50% energy savings
500000
400000
Energy (kWh)
300000 Electricity
Gas
200000
100000
0
Code Simulated Actual
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

27. Conclusions
 Green buildings can achieve expected
savings
 Energy simulation coupled with
subsequent monitoring and data analysis
is key to ensuring savings
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings

28. - Thank You
Creating energy and resource efficient buildings