Intro to Journalism - TV Journalism

1. TELEVISION JOURNALISM
By: Jeff Andersen & Alyssa Conklin

2. ORIGINS
• In 1927, American John Logie Baird John Logie Baird
invented the first successful
mechanical-electric television
system. Also went on to invent
infrared television, stereoscopic
television, and the earliest means of
recording a television signal, which is
known as Phonovision.
• There were two other inventors who
claimed they were inventors of the
“First” or at least an early version of
the television. These two inventors are
Philo T. Farnsworth and Charles
Francis Jenkins

3. Time Line
1939 – RCA demonstrated a TV set to
President Franklin Roosevelt.
1945 – Less than 7,000 television sets around
the US.
1948 – CBS TV news was started by Douglas
Edwards, with Don Hewitt as the producer for
the news.
1949 – KTLA’s 27-hour broadcast of the
rescue of Kathy Fiscus.
1949 – Americans owned 1 million TV sets.
1951 – Americans owned 10 million TV sets.

4. 1952
• National Association of Radio & Television Broadcasters ratifies new
Television Code establishing guidelines for content and addressing
the concerns of social critics. Nearly half the code is devoted to
advertising.
• In response to protests about program content, a House
subcommittee investigates "offensive" and "immoral" TV programs
and touches on wide range of topics -- from beer spots to dramas
depicting suicide.

5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
sMfdNCGGhg
Low Confidence Edward Murrow
• Edward Murrow and CBS
owner William Paley never
saw the potential of
Television news at first.
• Paley saw no profit in it and William Paley
thought it could hurt the radio
news stations.
• Murrow and his colleagues
were writers who thought that
Television was an
entertaining median but
could damage the journalistic
principles.

6. THE MIGRATION
• Westinghouse Broadcasting and KDKA in Pittsburgh, two radio pioneer
companies began to transform into television with WDTV. They later
were named KDKA and their first news report was a narrative voice over
to a purchased film. They opened their first studio in November of 1950.
• In Minnesota radio and news paper owners began intense competition
between television stations which still continues today.
• The first radio/newspaper to transform into television was Radio Station
owner Stanley E. Hubbard who enthusiastically jumped into it and aired
in April of 1948 named KSTP-TV.

7. CBS NEWS
• Murrow and his colleagues Charles
Collingwood, Dick Hitteler, Larry
LeSueurm and Howard K. Smith covered
the political conventions in Philadelphia
during the year of 1948.
• They used radio strategies drawn from
their experiences on European
Battlefields.
• CBS, Life Magazine, and the Young &
Rebicam advertising agency persuaded
the delegates to stage a dramatic
walkout for television so that it was more
entertaining to the viewers.

8. VIETNAM WAR & TELEVISION JOURNALISM
• Television emphasized violence and suffering inflicted by American Troops
• They didn’t show identifiable bodies in case of families viewing. In these days film
crew required 2-3 people: a photographer, reporter, sound technician
• Liz Trotta -First female war correspondent
• “You either get it or you don’t.” – in mist of shooting
• Wanted “combat footage” – first combat footage to be sent back to U.S
• Most dramatic pictures/ video footage taken by CBS correspondent Morley Safers
on August 5, 1965
• Reported on U.S Marines burning villages of Cam Ne, being light by Marines with
cigarette lighters
• President Johnson was outraged with these photos and said that Safer’s pictures,
“Shat on American Flag.” He tried to accuse Safer that the story was fake and tried
to get him fired.
• 1968 Cronkite came back from a trip from Vietnam, and wanted to share what he
had found. He pledged, “to be honest to U.S people, and defend democracy.”’
• President Johnson stated, because he lost to Cronkite, he lost to the Nation.

10. LIZ TROTTA
FIRST FEMALE WAR CORRESPONDENT

11. PRESIDENCY & TELEVISION
• Nixon had a love-hate relationship with
American people Nixon/Kennedy Presidential Debate
• Nixon vs. Kennedy in their first debate on
September 26, 1960
• Nixon was struck with illness and looked bad.
Producers offered him makeup but refused.
• Kennedy looked very refreshing and young;
gave people the impression he was nice, young
and good to lead the country.
• Nixon looked old, worn out, sick which gave
people impression he was mean and not ready
to run the country.
• People who heard the debate on radio believed
Nixon won, but people who watched it believed
that Kennedy won. * showing the power of
television and looks. All of the debates on
television boosted Kennedy’s campaign and in
turn won the presidency
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbrcRKqLSRw&feature=related

12. “60 MINUTES”
Became the most successful television show ever
debubted September 24, 1968 on CBS
combined the “High Murrow” of See It Now’s

13. “NIGHTLINE”
Debuted on March 24, 1980
First broadcasted hostage crisis in Middle East
In late 1970’s ABC, NBC and CBS were competing for evening news
times.

14. COMPETITION
• CBS started to self-destruct from competition.
• CNN
• 24 hour news forced the networks to feed breaking stories.
• Viewers paid attention during time of crisis
• News room dependence on anchor personalities, dramatic video,
high story counts, large advertising budgets. Television stressed
time-sensitive stories, yielding an imbalance toward events that
developed in the evening: crime, traffic and fires. They got into
technological races with their competitors over who had the best
weather equipment, helicopter reports, and satellite access.

16. THE VIDEO JOURNALISM REVOLUTION
• TV news stations have created video journalists, also known as backpack journalists. They
work solo and serve as both videographer and reporter on assignment. Print media, such
as newspapers and magazines, are producing news videos for their websites.
• Previously, if you wanted to make TV news, it was an expensive proposition. You needed
a $35,000 camera and an even more expensive editing station, along with well-trained
multiple person crews. Now, cheap digital video cameras and free video-editing software is
abundant, and college students working alone can make TV broadcasts using just a a $175
camera and a laptop computer.
http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/2011/11/11/t_bia_accelerator_silicon_valley.cnnmoney/?iid=SF_
SB_River

18. Digtial Camera to film
Laptop to edit a news broadcast

19. THE SIGNIFICANT DECLINE OF NETWORK
EVENINGS NEWS OVER THE PAST 25 YEARS
• They're getting a fraction of the viewers they did two decades ago, even though the
population has significantly increased. The reason is because viewers have so
many more options now. 25 years ago, their only options were ABC, CBS, and
NBC. Then CNN came on the scene and forever changed the playing field.

20. THE BOOM OF CABLE TELEVISION
• There are many 24/h news channels, MSNBC, CNN, FOX News and Headline News.
• New Specialized News channels have put a dent on the BIG THREE in TV news.
• ESPN – Covers Sports
• CNBC, Bloomberg Television – Covers business
• BBC, Al Jazeera – Covers Foreign News
• News 12, MSG Varsity – Covers Local News

21. UNFORGETTABLE STORIES PRODUCED BY
TELEVISION

22. WATERGATE SCANDAL (1972)

23. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. SPEECH

24. JFK ASSASINATION

25. 9/11 WORLD TRADE CENTER ATTACK

26. THE END!