This document discusses strategies for teaching narrative and expository text structures to students. It provides an overview of several strategies including KWL, story mapping, connecting to prior knowledge, focusing on text structure, modeling retellings, and using visual aids. Evidence-based techniques are described for teaching narrative elements like character, problem, and solution. For expository texts, techniques include developing topic knowledge, understanding text structures, modeling oral retellings, and using graphic organizers. The document provides procedures and essential steps for implementing strategies like KWL and story mapping.

1. ED 473/573 Spring 2010 Molly Dubiel, Jessica Eaton, Julie Leeson, Katherine O`Sullivan, Jessica Riley

2. Theoretical Foundations- Narrative Text "Children learn the structure of narrative text by being read to" (Caldwell, p.152). A study was conducted in kindergarten, results showed that students who were read to, when asked to retell, were able to recall the main elements of a story including characters, problem, some events, and some sort of solution. The results also showed that students who have not been exposed to stories may need more explicit instruction when learning about the elements of a story.

4. Theoretical Foundations- Narrative Text General Principles for Developing Narrative Retelling 1. Connect with Prior Knowledge - The most effective instructional strategies begin by connecting a child's past experience and knowledge with new information being introduced. 2. Focus on Developing an Understanding of Event Structures 3. Focus on Text Structure - Students knowledge of daily events can be used to show them how stories are structured.

18. Expository Demonstration "Story Mapping" - The purpose of the Story Map is to visually see the sequence of major events in a story or action of story characters. - The Story Map is used for storytelling, retelling, and outlines for story writing. - The Story Map lets students’ relate the story events and structure these events in their own way. - It enhances students’ ability to visualize the story characters, events and settings. - The Story Map also increases students’ awareness to story characters and events that are interrelated.

19. “ Story Mapping” Procedure/ Essentials - The purpose of the Story Map is to visually see the sequence of major events in a story or action of story characters. - The Story Map is used for storytelling, retelling, and outlines for story writing. - The Story Map lets students’ relate the story events and structure these events in their own way. - It enhances students’ ability to visualize the story characters, events and settings. - The Story Map also increases students’ awareness to story characters and events that are interrelated.

20. References Caldwell, J. and Leslie, L. (2009) Intervention strategies to follow informal reading inventory assessment: So what do I do now? Boston, MA: Pearson. Duke, N.K., & Bennett-Armistead, S.(2003) . Reading and writing informational text in the primary grades: Research-based practices. New York: Scholastic. McGee, L.M. (1992). Awareness of text structure: Effects on children's recall of expository text. Reading Research Quarterly, 17( 4 ) , 581-590. Moss, B. (1997). A qualitative assessment of first graders’ retelling of expository text. Reading Research and Instruction, 37 (1), 1-13.