The document discusses 12 strategies for effective language teaching: 1) maximize learning opportunities by adjusting lessons based on student understanding, 2) minimize mismatches between teacher intentions and student interpretations, 3) facilitate negotiated interaction to encourage student participation beyond simple reactions, 4) promote learner autonomy by teaching students how to self-direct their learning, 5) foster language awareness to explicitly draw attention to language properties, 6) activate intuitive heuristics by providing rich data for students to infer rules, 7) contextualize linguistic input within themes to mirror natural language use, 8) integrate language skills rather than separating them, 9) ensure social relevance by considering the educational environment, 10) raise cultural consciousness by acknowledging student power and knowledge, and 11) treat students as cultural