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Fluoroscopy systems
- 1. RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY L16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy
- 5. Part 16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy Topic 1: Example of fluoroscopy systems IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 8. Direct Fluoroscopy: obsolete In older fluoroscopic examinations radiologist stands behind screen and view the picture Radiologist receives high exposure; despite protective glass, lead shielding in stand, apron and perhaps goggles Main source staff exposure is NOT the patient but direct beam
- 9. Older Fluoroscopic Equipment (still in use in some countries) Staff in DIRECT beam Even no protection
- 11. Modern Image Intensifier based fluoroscopy system
- 12. Modern fluoroscopic system components Automatic control display brightness radiation dose film exposure Timer Display control
- 15. Part 16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy Topic 2: Image Intensifier component and parameters IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 16. The image intensifier (I.I.) + I.I. Input Screen I.I.Output Screen Photocathode Electrode E 1 Electrode E 3 Electrode E 2 Electrons Path
- 21. Image distortion
- 23. Line pair gauges
- 28. Part 16.1: Optimization of protection in fluoroscopy Topic 3: Image Intensifier and TV system IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 30. VIDICON FILM PM REFERENCE kV CONTROLLER X Ray TUBE kV GENERAL SCHEME OF FLUOROSCOPY
- 31. VIDICON FILM PM CONTROLLER X Ray TUBE kV CINE MODE I 2 Ref. I 3 C 1 I 1 C 2
- 35. Photoconductive camera tube Focussing optical lens Input plate Steering coils Deviation coil Alignement coil Accelarator grids Control grid Electron beam Video Signal Signal electrode Field grid Electrode Electron gun Iris Photoconductive layer
- 38. Different types of scanning INTERLACED SCANNING PROGRESSIVE SCANNING 12 2 14 4 16 18 6 1 8 20 13 15 17 10 11 3 21 19 5 7 9 3 5 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 7 9 11 13 15 17 1 625 lines in 40 ms i.e. : 25 frames/s
- 41. Schematic structure of a charged couple device (CCD)
- 43. TV image sampling SYNCHRO 12 µs LIGHT INTENSITY SAMPLING 64 µs VIDEO SIGNAL (1 LINE) 52 µs IMAGE LINE SINGLE LINE TIME DIGITIZED SIGNAL ONE LINE IMAGE 512 x 512 PIXELS WIDTH 512 HEIGHT 512
- 44. Digital radiography principle Clock Memory ADC I Iris t t ANALOGUE SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL See more in Lecture L20
Notas do Editor
- Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Explanation or/and additional information Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
- Explanation or/and additional information Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
- Lecture notes: ( about 100 words) Instructions for the lecturer/trainer
- Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Part …: ( Add part number and title) Module…: ( Add module number and title) Lesson …: ( Add session number and title) Learning objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: … . (Add a list of what the students are expected to learn or be able to do upon completion of the session) Activity: ( Add the method used for presenting or conducting the lesson – lecture, demonstration, exercise, laboratory exercise, case study, simulation, etc.) Duration: ( Add presentation time or duration of the session – hrs) Materials and equipment needed: (List materials and equipment needed to conduct the session, if appropriate) References: (List the references for the session)
- Let’s summarize the main subjects we did cover in this session. (List the main subjects covered and stress again the important features of the session)