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HIPERTENSION Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA
SITUACION EN CENTROAMERICA
Dr. Daniel Meneses
Cardiólogo Intervencionista
Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 19(Sup. 1):S163-S170, 2003
Type 2 diabetes,
the metabolic syndrome and
cardiovascular disease in Europe
• By 2025 the number of people with diabetes is expected to
rise by
• 20% in Europe
• 50% in North America
• 75% in the Western Pacific
• 85% in South and Central America.
• For developing countries, there will be a projected increase of
a 170% of cases;
• For developed countries, there will be a projected rise of 42%.
• Diabetes is the fourth main cause of death in most developed
countries.
Diabetes – a growing threat
Source: WHO 2010
Aterosclerosis Prenatal
REVISTA ARGENTINA DE CARDIOLOGÍA / VOL 73 Nº 5 / SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2005
Aterosclerosis Infantil
REVISTA ARGENTINA DE CARDIOLOGÍA / VOL 73 Nº 5 / SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2005
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
1. PERDIDA DE IDENTIDAD MESOAMERICANA
2.. ABORDAJE TIPO USA /EUROPA CUESTIONABLE
3. ESTRATEGIAS DE PREVENCION POBRES
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
PERDIDA DE
IDENTIDAD
MESOAMERICANA
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
Que tienen en Común aparte de
Asociarse con Enfermedad Coronaria ?
• Sobrepeso
• Obesidad
• Síndrome metabólico
• Dislipidemia
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Hipertensión Arterial
• Hiperuricemia
• Hígado graso
• Cardiopatía Isquémica
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
30 DE MAYO 1498, SANTO DOMINGO
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
Epidemia de sobrepeso, obesidad, síndrome
metabólico, diabetes o de consumo excesivo de
azúcar ?
Diabetes Care 33:2477–2483, 201
J Am Soc Nephrol 21: ●●●–●●●, 2010.
ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES
CARDIOVASCULARES
Indios yanomanos,amazonas
Excrecion urinaria de sodio: 1-2 mcromol diario
Oliver WJ, Cohen EL. Neel JV. Blood pressure, sodium intake and sodium related hormones in the
Yanomano Indians, a "no-salt" culture. Circulation 1975; 52:146-15
REGLA NICARAGUENSE DE LA SAL Y EL
QUESO UNO POR UNO
X
1 ONZA 1 LIBRA
30 gramos de CLNa
14 gramos de Sodio
Cubitos de Pollo
Sopa de Vasitos
1 unidad: 1300 mgs
Salsa de Soya
1 cucharadita: 1032 mgs
ADEREZO DE ENSALADAS
1 cucharadita: 550 mgs de sodio
Jugo 8 onzas: 620 mgs de sodio
Jugos de vegetales saludables
100 gramos: 1100 mgs de sodio
Cereales saludables
ANALGESICOS EFERVESCENTES
Argentina
chile
colombia
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
ABORDAJE TIPO USA
/EUROPA
CUESTIONABLE
Of 136,905 patients hospitalized with CAD, 77% had normal LDL levels
below 130 mg/dl
Modified from Sachdeva et al. AHJ, Vol 157, 111-117 Jan 2009
Chapter 1: Preventive Cardiology; the SHAPE of the Future in Naghavi et al. Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis:
Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment. Humana Press, 2009
Modified from Sachdeva et al. AHJ, Vol 157, 111-117 Jan 2009
Chapter 1: Preventive Cardiology; the SHAPE of the Future in Naghavi et al. Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis:
Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment. Humana Press, 2009
Of 136,905 patients hospitalized with CAD, 45.4% had normal HDL levels
above 40 mg/dl
Of 136,905 patients hospitalized with CAD, 61.8% had normal triglyceride
levels below 150 mg/dl
Modified from Sachdeva et al. AHJ, Vol 157, 111-117 Jan 2009
Chapter 1: Preventive Cardiology; the SHAPE of the Future in Naghavi et al. Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis:
Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment. Humana Press, 2009
OBESO
FUMADOR
SEDENTARIO
Sr. Winston Churchill , 91 años
No SOBREPESO
NO FUMADOR
MUY ACTIVO
Jim Fixx, 53 años
QUIEN TIENE MAYOR RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR BASADO EN SU SCORE ?
No SOBREPESO
NO FUMADOR
MUY ACTIVO
Jim Fixx, 53 años
QUIEN TIENE MAYOR RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR BASADO EN SU SCORE ?
En >50% de los casos, la
primer manifestación de
aterosclerosis
asitomatica es la muerte
súbita o el infarto del
miocardio.
CANCER DE COLON Y ATEROSCLEROSIS. LO QUE DEBEMOS APRENDER DE LOS ONCOLOGOS
MASCULNO DE 70 AÑOS, HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIA, HIPERTENSION,
PRUEBAS DE ESFUERZO NEGATIVAS CADA AÑO POR CINCO AÑOS
Coronary Calcium Progression
Calcium Score: 56 Calcium Score: 90 Calcium Score: 128
Volume Score: 45 Volume Score: 78 Volume Score: 113
1993 1995 1997
Progression of Right coronary artery calcium score over 5 years
Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT)
• Direct in vivo measurement of thickness of carotid artery wall by
B-mode ultrasound
• Vessel wall thickness correlates with status of atherosclerosis and
CV events
• Atherosclerosis is a systemic disorder
– Atherosclerosis in the carotid artery is predictive of disease in other
vascular beds
de Groot E, et al. Circulation. (2004) 109[Suppl III]:III-33-III-38.
Evidence That CIMT Predicts
Clinical Disease
• Epidemiologic Data
– CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study)1
– ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
Study)2,3
– Rotterdam Study4
– CLAS (Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis
Study) post-treatment long-term outcomes
follow-up5
• Clinical Trials with Lipid Modifying Drugs
1. O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:14-22.
2. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:483-494.
3. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Clegg LX, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151:478-487.
4. Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Circulation. 1997;96:1432-1437.
5. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:262-269.
Cardiovascular Health Study: Combined intimal-
medial thickness predicts total MI and stroke
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA
ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
ESTRATEGIAS DE
PREVENCION
POBRES
MUCHAS GRACIAS

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SITUACION DE LA HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL EN CENTROAMERICA

  • 1. HIPERTENSION Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA SITUACION EN CENTROAMERICA Dr. Daniel Meneses Cardiólogo Intervencionista
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  • 11. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 19(Sup. 1):S163-S170, 2003
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  • 20. Type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Europe • By 2025 the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise by • 20% in Europe • 50% in North America • 75% in the Western Pacific • 85% in South and Central America. • For developing countries, there will be a projected increase of a 170% of cases; • For developed countries, there will be a projected rise of 42%. • Diabetes is the fourth main cause of death in most developed countries. Diabetes – a growing threat
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  • 27. Aterosclerosis Prenatal REVISTA ARGENTINA DE CARDIOLOGÍA / VOL 73 Nº 5 / SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2005
  • 28. Aterosclerosis Infantil REVISTA ARGENTINA DE CARDIOLOGÍA / VOL 73 Nº 5 / SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2005
  • 29. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA 1. PERDIDA DE IDENTIDAD MESOAMERICANA 2.. ABORDAJE TIPO USA /EUROPA CUESTIONABLE 3. ESTRATEGIAS DE PREVENCION POBRES
  • 30. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA PERDIDA DE IDENTIDAD MESOAMERICANA
  • 31. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
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  • 33. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
  • 34. Que tienen en Común aparte de Asociarse con Enfermedad Coronaria ? • Sobrepeso • Obesidad • Síndrome metabólico • Dislipidemia • Diabetes Mellitus • Hipertensión Arterial • Hiperuricemia • Hígado graso • Cardiopatía Isquémica
  • 35. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
  • 36. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES 30 DE MAYO 1498, SANTO DOMINGO
  • 37. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
  • 38. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
  • 39. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
  • 40. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
  • 41. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
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  • 43. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA
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  • 45. Epidemia de sobrepeso, obesidad, síndrome metabólico, diabetes o de consumo excesivo de azúcar ?
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  • 50. J Am Soc Nephrol 21: ●●●–●●●, 2010.
  • 51. ROL DEL AZUCAR SULFITADO EN LAS ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES
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  • 57. Indios yanomanos,amazonas Excrecion urinaria de sodio: 1-2 mcromol diario Oliver WJ, Cohen EL. Neel JV. Blood pressure, sodium intake and sodium related hormones in the Yanomano Indians, a "no-salt" culture. Circulation 1975; 52:146-15
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  • 64. REGLA NICARAGUENSE DE LA SAL Y EL QUESO UNO POR UNO X 1 ONZA 1 LIBRA 30 gramos de CLNa 14 gramos de Sodio
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  • 77. Sopa de Vasitos 1 unidad: 1300 mgs
  • 78. Salsa de Soya 1 cucharadita: 1032 mgs
  • 79.
  • 80. ADEREZO DE ENSALADAS 1 cucharadita: 550 mgs de sodio
  • 81. Jugo 8 onzas: 620 mgs de sodio Jugos de vegetales saludables
  • 82. 100 gramos: 1100 mgs de sodio Cereales saludables
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  • 86. chile
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  • 90. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA ABORDAJE TIPO USA /EUROPA CUESTIONABLE
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  • 93. Of 136,905 patients hospitalized with CAD, 77% had normal LDL levels below 130 mg/dl Modified from Sachdeva et al. AHJ, Vol 157, 111-117 Jan 2009 Chapter 1: Preventive Cardiology; the SHAPE of the Future in Naghavi et al. Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment. Humana Press, 2009
  • 94. Modified from Sachdeva et al. AHJ, Vol 157, 111-117 Jan 2009 Chapter 1: Preventive Cardiology; the SHAPE of the Future in Naghavi et al. Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment. Humana Press, 2009 Of 136,905 patients hospitalized with CAD, 45.4% had normal HDL levels above 40 mg/dl
  • 95. Of 136,905 patients hospitalized with CAD, 61.8% had normal triglyceride levels below 150 mg/dl Modified from Sachdeva et al. AHJ, Vol 157, 111-117 Jan 2009 Chapter 1: Preventive Cardiology; the SHAPE of the Future in Naghavi et al. Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Detection and Treatment. Humana Press, 2009
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  • 98. OBESO FUMADOR SEDENTARIO Sr. Winston Churchill , 91 años No SOBREPESO NO FUMADOR MUY ACTIVO Jim Fixx, 53 años QUIEN TIENE MAYOR RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR BASADO EN SU SCORE ?
  • 99. No SOBREPESO NO FUMADOR MUY ACTIVO Jim Fixx, 53 años QUIEN TIENE MAYOR RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR BASADO EN SU SCORE ?
  • 100. En >50% de los casos, la primer manifestación de aterosclerosis asitomatica es la muerte súbita o el infarto del miocardio.
  • 101. CANCER DE COLON Y ATEROSCLEROSIS. LO QUE DEBEMOS APRENDER DE LOS ONCOLOGOS
  • 102. MASCULNO DE 70 AÑOS, HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIA, HIPERTENSION, PRUEBAS DE ESFUERZO NEGATIVAS CADA AÑO POR CINCO AÑOS
  • 103. Coronary Calcium Progression Calcium Score: 56 Calcium Score: 90 Calcium Score: 128 Volume Score: 45 Volume Score: 78 Volume Score: 113 1993 1995 1997 Progression of Right coronary artery calcium score over 5 years
  • 104.
  • 105. Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) • Direct in vivo measurement of thickness of carotid artery wall by B-mode ultrasound • Vessel wall thickness correlates with status of atherosclerosis and CV events • Atherosclerosis is a systemic disorder – Atherosclerosis in the carotid artery is predictive of disease in other vascular beds de Groot E, et al. Circulation. (2004) 109[Suppl III]:III-33-III-38.
  • 106. Evidence That CIMT Predicts Clinical Disease • Epidemiologic Data – CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study)1 – ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study)2,3 – Rotterdam Study4 – CLAS (Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study) post-treatment long-term outcomes follow-up5 • Clinical Trials with Lipid Modifying Drugs 1. O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:14-22. 2. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:483-494. 3. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Clegg LX, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151:478-487. 4. Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Circulation. 1997;96:1432-1437. 5. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:262-269.
  • 107. Cardiovascular Health Study: Combined intimal- medial thickness predicts total MI and stroke
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  • 110. HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL Y CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA EN CENTROAMERICA ESTRATEGIAS DE PREVENCION POBRES
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Notas do Editor

  1. CAD = coronary artery disease = CHD = coronary heart diseaseSlide indicates that 77% of the population with coronary heart disease had normal LDL
  2. TG = triglyceridesNormal = below 150
  3. MI = Myocardial Infarction = Heart Attack