1. Beyond the Obvious:Why Police, Parole, and Probation Officers Must Focus on Substance Abuse Among Offenders Presented By: The Center for Health & Justice At TASC, Inc. January 2011

2. The Justice System is Growing In 2007, 2,299,116 prisoners were held in federal or state prisons or in local jails In 2008, 2,319,258 prisoners were held in federal or state prisons or in local jails 1,596,127 in prison, 723,131 in local jails 1 out of every 100 citizens for the first time in history The number of adults who were being supervised on probation or parole at the end of 2006 reached 5,035,200 4,237,000 were on probation (84%) 798,200 were on parole (16%) Source: Pew Center for the States, Bureau of Justice Statistics

3. Drugs are a Major Growth Factor The justice system is largest catchment area for people with addictions In 2006, alcohol and other drugs were involved in these inmate offenses: 78 percent of violent crimes; 83 percent of property crimes; and 77 percent of public order, immigration or weapon offenses; and probation/parole violations. Between 77-84% of these offenders were substance-involved As many as 87% of arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug & 40% for more than one drug Source: BJS Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Survey 2008; CASA, "Behind Bars II", February 2010

4. Drugs are a Major Factor Estimated Percentage of U.S. Adult Male Arrestees Testing Positive by Urinalysis for Illicit Drugs, 2008 Total testing positive in all ten of the ADAM cities: ~48,000 Source: Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Study

6. 47.9% of state prison inmates met criteria for substance dependence.

7. 43.7% of local jail inmates met criteria for substance dependence.

8. This is over 7 times greater than in the general population.

9. Female offenders are more likely to have substance abuse problems and more likely to meet criteria for dependence than male offenders.

10. Many CJS programs focus on drug law violators however:

11. Property crime offenders comprise 19.2% of the inmate population & 83.4% are substance involved. Source: CASA, "Behind Bars II", February 2010

14. Untreated substance use

15. 45-53% of prisoners have diagnosable substance use disorders

16. many more have drug use histories

17. only 15-17% who need treatment get it behind bars

18. Lack of stable housing

19. Lack of secure employment

20. Lack of family and community connection and support

22. Clinical Interventions Screening* Brief Intervention* Drug Education Comprehensive Assessment Substance Abuse Treatment Residential Treatment Intensive Outpatient Treatment Outpatient Treatment Medication-Assisted Treatment* Aftercare Support Recovery Support

23. SBIRT *SBIRT = Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Developed in SAMHSA Model developed to identify substance abuse in primary care World Health Organization – screening tools Extensive demonstration projects in the U.S. since 2003 ONDCP is interested in its application to the criminal justice system

24. How Would This Work in the CJS? Screening at all feasible points to get as close to universal intervention as possible Police lock-up Jail Bond court In courtrooms Probation Brief Intervention by specialized staff, again in all settings Option: Require participation in alcohol/drug education classes State’s Attorney’s Drug Abuse Program (Chicago) 85% of people are not re-arrested within 3 years

25. Presenter Contact Information Jac A. Charlier, M.P.A. Director of External Training TASC, Inc. jcharlier@tasc-il.org 312-573-8302