111214 ineco justo_cp_monitoreo_cancunshmii5-eng_v1

Cancún, 14th December 2011
PAPER
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITOORING OF
HIGH SPEED RAILWAY VIADU
UCTS

JUSTO CARRETERO PÉREZ

CIVIL ENGINEER
HEAD OF INSTRUMENTATION AND
DIRECTORATE FOR ARCHITECTURE, TESTS DIVISION
STRUCTURES AND INSTRUMENTATION
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR TRANSPORT
1 CONSULTING AND ENGINEERING
INECO. DIRECCIÓN DE ARQUITECTURA, ESTRUCTURAS E INSTRUMENTACIÓN SHM OF HIGH SPEED RAILWAY VIADUCT
SHMII-5. International Conference on SHM of Intelligent Infrastucture
t

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION.
2. DEFINITION OF MONITOR
RING.
RING
3. DEVELOPED ACTIVITIES
S.
4.
4 MAGNITUDES TO BE MEASURED AND FREQUENCY
5. MONITORING CHALLENG – OUTSTANDING HIGH
GE
SPEED VIADUCTS:
- ARROYO DE LAS PIEDR
RAS (HIGHEST)
- ARROYO DEL VALLE (L
LONGEST)

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1. INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATE OF RAILWAY V
VIADUCTS IN HIGH-SPEED LINES:

- LOADS THAT ARE FAVORA
ABLE FOR DYNAMIC EFFECTS AT
MAXIMUM SPEED (IMPACT - RE
ESONANCE - FATIGUE)
FATIGUE).

- NEW DESIGN CHALLENGE
ES, WITH EXTENDED SPANS AND
HEIGHTS FOR LARGER RAILW
WAY VIADUCTS (EXCESSIVE MOTION,
STRAIN GAUGES, ETC).

- MAINTENANCE PERSPECTIVE IT IS NECESSARY TO CHECK THE
E.
SUITABILITY OF DESIGN LOADS AGAINST FATIGUE PROBLEMS AND
S
THEIR INFLUENCE ON DURA
ABILITY AND AGEING. IT’S ALSO
NECESSARY TO CHECK THE TI
IME EVOLUTION OF STATIC AND/OR
DYNAMIC STRENGTH CHARACT
TERISTICS.
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1 INTRODUCTION
1. (CONTINUED)

( UCTS ON HIGH-SPEED LINES)
(OUTSTANDING ITEMS IN VIADU

- EXISTENCE OF NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL COMPULSORY
STANDARDS THAT AREN T
N
N’T SUPPORTED BY ENOUGH
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS.

- REQUEST TO COMPARE ‘
‘THEORY AND REGULATION’ WITH
‘PRACTISE AND REAL BEHAVIO
OUR’, THE RESULT OF WHICH WOULD
ENHANCE UNDERSTANDING AND OPTIMISATION OF FUTURE
DESIGNS

- IT IS GENERALLY CONSIDERE TO BE “NECESSARY” TO KNOW
ED
THE REAL BEHAVIOUR OF ST UC U S
OU O STRUCTURES

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1.
1 INTRODUCTION (CONTINUED)

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1 INTRODUCTION
1. (CONTINUED)

WHERE IS THAT NEED LEADING US?
G

- IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYS
STEM SURVEILLING ALL STRENGTH
AND/OR FUNCTIONAL CHARAC
CTERISTICS INVOLVED IN THE REAL
BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES.
OU O S UC U S

- MEASUREMENT OF RELATED VARIABLES IN ORDER TO MONITOR
D
THEIR EVOLUTION THROUGH T
TIME

- NEW IDEA OF “MONITORING VIADUCTS AS AN ADDITIONAL
G”
FIELD TO RAILWAY AUSCULT
TATION

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1.
1 INTRODUCTION (CONTINUED)

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2.
2 DEFINITION OF MONITORI
ING

“MONITORING” IMPLIES (Con
MONITORING ntinuous auscultation):

-MEASURING PHYSICAL MA
AGNITUDES
-USING SUITABLE ELECTRON DEVICES
NIC
-CONTINUOUS RECORDING IN TERMS OF TIME
(COMPATIBLE WITH SPECIF TEST CAMPAIGNS -PC-).
FIC
- -VISUALISATION, SURVEILL
LANCE, … ANALYSIS.
-ACTION PROTOCOL

INITIALLY IT IS ADVISABLE TO: OBSERVE, RECORD, ANALYSE
THOROUGHLY IN THE OFFIC AND “THEN” DECIDE.
CE

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2. DEFINITION OF MONITORING (CON
NTINUED)

“ACTIVE CONTROL” IMPLIE
ACTIVE ES:

- GO BEYOND MONITORING
- REAL TIME ANALYSIS
- TAKE ACTION AND EVEN I
INFLUENCE RESULTS
- PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

“SAFETY CONTROL” IMPLIES:
S

- A DIFFICULT INTERMEDIA CASE.
ATE
- MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE T SET LIMITS
TO
- A COMPULSORY PROTOC
COL ON ALARM TREATMENT.

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NTINUED)

“ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS FOR
R
MONITORING :
MONITORING”:

- DURATION OF (BASIC) MO
ONITORING
- WHERE AND WHAT TO ME
EASURE?
- WITH WHICH FREQUENCY (Static/Dynamic)?
Y
- WHAT DO WE WANT TO SA
AVE (DATA VOLUME)?
- HOW DO WE WANT TO SE RESULTS?
EE

THE ANSWER TO THESE QUE
ESTIONS INDICATES HOW:

TYPE OF SENSOR AND CONNECTION, TYPE OF RECORDING
AND CONTROL SOFTWARE, LOCAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY
STEM, ETC.
AND COMMUNICATION SYS
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( NTINUED)
)

“KEY POINTS”:
KEY POINTS :

- TALKING TO THE RIGH SPEAKER (“THE ONE WHO
HT
KNOWS WHAT WE ARE AFTER / THE THEORIST”.)
- WRITING THE IN NSTRUMENTATION PROJECT
(SCHEME, LOCATION, MAGNITUDES, STATIC/DYNAMIC
SENSORS, )
SENSORS ...)
- DEFINING ACTION PR
ROTOCOLS IN CASE THE SET
LIMITS ARE EXCEEDED:
- AVOID INSTRUMENT TING MORE THAN CAN BE
ANALYSED.

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NTINUED)

NOWADAYS,
NOWADAYS MONITORING REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF DETECTORS OR
ES

ELECTRONIC TRANSDUCERS IN THE STRUCTURE’S TARGETED POINTS, SO

THAT THROUGH THE USE OF SUITABLE EQUIPMENT THE PHYSICAL
EQUIPMENT,

MAGNITUDES CAPTURED WILL BE TRANSFORMED INTO ELECTRIC SIGNALS

THAT ARE AUTOMATICALLY STORE AND CONDITIONED
ED CONDITIONED.

ONCE THE INSTRUMENTATION HA BEEN DONE, SIGNALS ARE DIGITALISED
AS
AND STORED IN A CENTRAL COM
MPUTER, WHERE THEY ARE PRETREATED

AND CONTROLLED WITH THE REL
LEVANT SOFTWARE FINALLY DATA IS SENT
SOFTWARE. FINALLY,

TO THE OFFICE THROUGH THE A
APPROPRIATE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

(TELEPHONE,
(TELEPHONE FIBER OPTICS SATE
OPTICS, ELLITE).
ELLITE)

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2.
2 DEFINITION OF MONITORING (CON
NTINUED)
Scheme of Distribution Network in Arroyo de las Piedras Viaduct
n

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3.
3 DEVELOPED ACTIVITIES

VIADUCT M
MONITORING

Preliminary
Study Initial
Inspection MONITORING Project
M

DATA
ANALYSIS
Instrumentation Calibration and DATA RECORD
operation tests
p AND
TRANSMISSION
RESULTS
AND
CONCLUSIONS
REPORT DATABASE A
AND WEB
RELEASE PRESENTA
TATION

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4. MAGNITUDES TO BE MEASUR AND
RED
FREQUENCY
AFTER CARRYING OUT THE DETAILED ANALYSIS OF EACH VIADUCT, AS WELL AS
D

THE PRIOR VISIT TO ASSESS THE DIF
FFERENT INSTRUMENTATION POSSIBILITIES
(
(AUXILIARY ELEMENTS: ACCESSES,
, CRANES,
, CLIMBERS);
); THE

CHARACTERISTIC MAGNITUDES TO BE MEASURED ARE SET IN TERMS OF

Q
QUANTITY, QUALITY AND FREQUENC THE CONNECTION METHOD BETWEEN
, Q Q CY.

DEVICES IS STUDIED (LOCAL NETW
WORK) AND ALSO THE COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM USED FOR DATA TRANSMISSION (EXTERNAL NETWORK). ALL OF THIS

WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE MONITORIN PROJECT.
NG

EACH MAGNITUDE MUST BE PERFE
ECTLY DEFINED IN TERMS OF LOCATION,

MEASUREMENT RANGE, ACCURACY AND MAIN FREQUENCY. THE CHOICE OF
Y
SENSORS WILL DEPEND ON THIS THE ANALYSIS OF ITS FREQUENCY
S,
RESPONSE, AND THE DATA SAMPLE F
FREQUENCY.
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4. MAGNITUDES TO BE MEASURED AND FREQUENCY (continued)
D

THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE CA BE AS IMPORTANT AS RANGE AND
AN
ACCURACY TOGETHER, BECAUS IF THE RESPONSE ISN’T SUFFICIENT
SE
THE MEASUREMENTS WON’T BE ACCURATE.

FOR ALREADY BUILT RAILWAY
R VIADUCTS, THE MAIN
MAGNITUDES TO BE MEASU
URED ARE THE FOLLOWING:

 MOTION IN FOUNDATIONS AND P
PIER HEADS MEASURING TILT AGAINST
HEADS.
BOTH PERPENDICULAR AXES W
WITHIN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE. BY
MEASURING TILT WE CAN CALCU
ULATE ANY DISPLACEMENTS. THIS KIND
OF MEASUREMENT CAN BE CON
NTINUOUSLY RECORDED ON THE LONG
TERM AND DURING TRAIN CIRCUL
LATION (IF THE SENSOR ALLOWS IT).

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4. MAGNITUDES TO BE MEASURED AND F
FREQUENCY (continued)

 RELATIVE DISPLACEMENTS PIER / ABUTMENT – DECK.
o MEASURING DIRECT RELATIVE DIS
SPLACEMENTS BETWEEN THE DECK AND
THE PIER HEADS OR ABUTMENTS.

o MEASURING DISPLACEMENTS BE
SU G S C S ETWEEN DECK JOINTS, AND IN JOINTS
C JO S, JO S
BETWEEN DECK AND ABUTMENTS
S.

THESE MEASUREMENTS ALLOW U TO HAVE A GOOD CONTROL OVER THE
US
STRUCTURE S
STRUCTURE’S GLOBAL DISPLA
ACEMENTS AND ALSO TO KEEP A
CONTINUOUS DISCREET DYNAMI RECORD.
IC

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 ACCELERATIONS CAUSED BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE AND BREAKING
BREAKING.

 VERTICAL ACCELERATION:
THE QUINTESSENTIAL DYNAMIC M
MEASUREMENTS THAT MAKE IT POSSIBLE
TO CARRY OUT A SPECTRAL ST
TUDY ON THE VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY
TRAINS. THE RESULTS OF THIS ST
TUDY WILL REVEAL: MAIN FREQUENCIES,
ABSOLUTE VALUES FOR ACCELER
RATION,
RATION AND DAMPING VALUES
VALUES.

 DECK MICROSTRAINS (STRESS):
STRAIN GAUGES ARE MAINLY INST
TALLED FOR DYNAMIC RECORDINGS.

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FREQUENCY (cont.)

 WIND SPEED (GUSTS).
SENSORS ARE PLACED ON PIER AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AND ON THE
RS
DECK. THEY MEASURE IN A C
CONTINUOUS DISCREET DYNAMIC WAY,
EXTRACTING EXCLUSIVELY ST
TATISTICAL PARAMETERS (MAXIMUM,
(MAXIMUM
MINIMUM, AVERAGE, ETC), OR EV
VEN ON SPECIFIC EVENTS.

 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS ON DECK OR PIERS.
SENSORS ARE PLACED ON DIST
TRIBUTED POINTS IN EACH BRIDGE IN
ORDER TO STUDY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIFFERENT SURFACES
AND EXPOSURES.

 GLOBAL MEASURES OF TEMPERA
ATURES, HUMIDITY, PRESSURE AND WIND
SPEED RECORDED ON A SEPAR
RATE SYSTEM PLACED AT THE DECK’S
LEVEL.
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PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL D
DATA ON WEBSITE

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FREQUENCY IS VERY IMPORTAN DUE TO THE LARGE DATA VOLUME
NT
OBTAINED. THERE ARE GENERA
ALLY THREE WAYS OF GATHERING AND
RECORDING DATA:

> CONTINUOUS STATIC RECORDING (1 DATUM/SECOND, STATISTICAL DATA
RECORDED EVERY 10 MIN)
> QUASIDYNAMIC OR CONTINUO
OUS DISCREET DYNAMIC RECORDING,
MEASURED IN A DYNAMIC WAY (
(UP TO 500 DATA/SECOND) WITH A SET
PERIOD FOR THE STATISTICAL ANA
ALYSIS (EVERY MINUTE), AND RECORDED
DURING LONG PERIODS (FILES RAN
NGING FROM 1 HOUR TO 1 DAY).
> DISCREET DYNAMIC (OR DIFFERE
ENTIAL). ALL DATA IS RECORDED AT THE
MAXIMUM SAMPLE SPEED, BY R
REQUEST OR FOR AN EVENT (A FILE
LASTING A FEW SECONDS).
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5. MONITORING CHALLENGE IN HIGH-SPEED
N
VIADUCTS – ARROYO DEL VALLE
L

• Continuous structure divided in 27 sec
ctions with 52 50+25×66 00+52 50 m spans
52,50+25×66,00+52,50 spans.
The work’s total length is 1.755,00 m.
• The span between pier 14 and 15 is 13 m; the support in between has the shape
32
of an ogival arch with a 132 m span an 50,4 m deflection.
nd
• The total
Th t t l number of controlled points is 65 f
b f t ll d i t is 65, from which 260 virtual channels can b
hi h it l h l be
obtained.

- Displacements on founda ations and pier heads 22
- Relative displacements on pier/abutment – deck 8
-AAccelerations caused b c t if
l ti d by centrifugal f
l force and b ki
d breaking 3
- Vertical accelerations 12
- Wind speed (gusts) 9
- Train speed 4
- Temperatures 5
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5. MONITORING HIGH-SPEED V
VIADUCT IN ARROYO DEL
VALLE (continued)

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VIADUCT
IN ARROYO DEL VALLE (cont
tinued)

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5. MONITORING CHALLENGE IN HIGH-SPEED
N
VIADUCTS - ARROYO DE LAS PIEDRAS

• Continuous structure divided in 20 sections with 50.40+17×63.50+44.00+35.00 m
50.40 17 63.50 44.00 35.00
spans. Total length: 1.208,90 m.
• The pier’s height ranges from 10 to 92 m
pier s m.
• The total number of controlled points is 81, from which 324 virtual channels can be
s
obtained.
- Displacements on foun
ndations and pier heads 20

- Relative displacement on pier/abutment – deck
ts 8
- Accelerations caused by centrifugal force and breaking 2
- Vertical accelerations 10
- Wind speed (gusts) 9
- Strains 7
- Train speed 4
- Temperatures 21
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VIADUCT IN ARROYO DE
LAS PIEDRAS (continued)

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VIADUCT IN ARROYO DE
LAS PIEDRAS (continued)

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5.
5 MONITORING CHALLENGE – HIGH SPEED VIADUCTS
HIGH-

INSTRUMENTATION PR ROJECT

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5.
HIGH-

RECORDINGS

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5.
HIGH-

RECORDINGS

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5.
HIGH-

RECORDINGS

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5.
HIGH-

RECORDINGS

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5.
HIGH-

RECORDINGS

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5.
HIGH-

ANALYSIS

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