Promoting Health and Preventing Risks Among LGBTQ Youth
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This document summarizes a presentation about preventing health risks and promoting healthy outcomes among LGBTQ youth. It discusses challenges LGBTQ youth face like discrimination, family rejection, and minority stress. It provides data on health risks like substance abuse, HIV rates, and bullying. It also offers recommendations for creating safe and supportive school environments through approaches like gay-straight alliances, addressing identity development, and clear sex education.
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Promoting Health and Preventing Risks Among LGBTQ Youth
- 1. Jim Bogden, MPH Healthy LGB Students Project Director American Psychological Association Tri-Area Pupil Services Administrators Manassas, VA November 13, 2009 Preventing Health Risks and Promoting Healthy Outcomes Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ) Youth
- 6. Selected Health Risks of Sexual Minority Students, Mass., 2005 Both sexes and all race/ethnicities Massachusetts Department of Education, 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
- 7. Cases of HIV and AIDS Diagnosed Among Young Men Ages 15-19 (All Sexual Orientations), by Race/Ethnicity and Year of Diagnosis, 2004–2007 in 39 Areas with Confidential, Name-Based HIV Infection Reporting1 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplemental Report 2009;14:2 2 US Census, 2006 American Community Survey . US Male Population Ages 15-19, 2006 2
- 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplemental Report 2009;14:2 Cases of HIV and AIDS Diagnosed Among African American Adolescents Ages 15-19, by Sex and Year of Diagnosis, 2004–2007 in 39 Areas with Confidential, Name-Based HIV Infection Reporting 1
- 9. Percentage by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Mode of HIV Transmission of 1,351 Adolescents Aged 15–19 Years Diagnosed with HIV or AIDS in 2006 in 33 States and 5 U.S. Territories with Confidential Name-Based HIV-Infection Reporting HIV infection attributed to injection drug use Each of the 100 figures represents 1% of the total number of teens diagnosed in 2006 Other 1% White, non-Hispanic 14% Hispanic 16% Black, non-Hispanic 69% HIV infection attributed to male-male sex HIV infection attributed to male-female sex Key Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Sexual and Reproductive Health of Persons Aged 10–24 Years—United States, 2002–2007.” MMWR Surveillance Summaries , July 17, 2009; 58(No.SS-6), Table 16.
- 11. Long-Term Effects of Family Rejection on LGB Young Adults Rejection score Caitlin Ryan, et al., “Family Rejection as a Predictor of Negative Health Outcomes in White & Latino Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young Adults,” Pediatrics 123(1), January 2009. Whites and Latinos, both sexes; N=244
- 19. Risks of Violence Among High School Students, Mass., 2005 Both sexes and all race/ethnicities Massachusetts Department of Education, 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
- 23. Thank You This presentation was supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cooperative Agreement U58DP000440. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of CDC or the US Department of Health and Human Services.
Notas do Editor
- Thank Sandra Leonard, Melissa Fahrenbruch, and Howell Wechsler. Leah T. introduce herself and mention highlights of past involvement in these issues. Jim B. introduce himself and mention highlights of past involvement. Introduce Clinton A. and Jo-Anne F.
- Our goal is to increase your ability and intention to provide services for LGBQ youth. The idea is to integrate the needs of these kids into the types of work you are already doing, not to teach NEW roles, tasks, or services. We don’t aim to change your personal attitudes. We respect the fact that many people have strong opinions about Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual people that might be grounded in religion or conviction. But regardless of personal opinion, LGBQ youth exist and we as professionals need to address their needs as we do for everyone else. The second major goal follows the first and carries it a step further.
- Sexual minority youth (i.e., students who either identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reported any same-sex sexual contact) were significantly more likely than other students to have carried a weapon (26% vs. 15%), been in a physical fight (42% vs. 28%), and to have been in a gang (19% vs. 9%). They were also significantly more likely to have skipped school because they felt unsafe (13% vs. 3%), been bullied (44% vs. 23%), been threatened or injured with a weapon at school (14% vs. 5%), and to have experienced dating violence (35% vs. 8%) or sexual contact against their will (34% vs. 9%).
- Again, we need to look at Massachusetts data because it is the best available. Sexual minority youth (i.e., students who either identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reported any same-sex sexual contact) were significantly more likely than other students to report a range of sexual health risk behaviors that put them at risk of HIV infection or other STDs. Unfortunately, we don’t have good numbers broken down by race/ethnicity. [Brainstorm] Why are all of these behaviors higher in sexual minority youth?
- Key points: 57% of all diagnoses were among MSM 40% of all cases in this age group were African-American MSM More Latinos than Whites were diagnosed 85% of cases among African-American and Latino men were among MSM 9% of cases were among injection drug users, but few cases of IDU among MSM Among straight kids, more than 4 times as many women than men were diagnosed. Part of this discrepancy might have to do with some women having older partners. The number of straight white men diagnosed did not even average to 1%
- This important new study from California demonstrates the link between social rejection and health risk behaviors. The researchers interviewed 244 young White and Latino LGB adults about their family experiences as teenagers and their current health risk behaviors. They documented that negative family reactions to an adolescent’s sexual orientation are associated with several negative health problems in LGB young adults. As you can see, about 2/3 of those interviewed whose families were most rejecting developed Unfortunately, the researchers didn’t have enough funding to reach out to African Americans during their first round. They found that family rejection was a bit higher among Latino families compared to whites, and higher for young men compared to young women. We can only speculate what they will find when they study African-American families. An intriguing aspect of this work is that the differences between moderate and low rejection scores are not as dramatic as between moderate and high rejection. In other words, if a family is only a little bit accepting the mental health effects on the child are greatly improved. We need to get this encouraging news out to families. The project is currently developing a brief workshop for families that APA has promised to help disseminate.
- There are a few things all of these programs have in common. All involve multiple sessions in small group settings. All engage participants in issues relevant to their lives, far beyond a narrow focus on methods to prevent HIV transmission And of course, they are non-judgemental
- This gets us into mental health issues. Sexual minority youth (i.e., students who either identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reported any same-sex sexual contact) were significantly more likely to report thinking about suicide or attempting it — rates of depression are high too. A recent study of 415 African American adolescents and young adults (15-21 years of age) from Atlanta and Providence, found that those who were clinically depressed were four times more likely to have had unprotected sex. ( Depression, Risky Sex Behavior Linked in African American Youth , September 6, 2006: http://www.lifespan.org/news/2006/09/06/depression-risky-sex-behavior-linked-in-african-american-youth). This is very disturbing. Some people look at such statistics and conclude that the “homosexual lifestyle” is inherently unhealthy. It might appear that gay people are doomed to lives of unhappiness. What might be other causes of these high rates of suicide? [click] The effects of discrimination, bullying and violence might have something to do with it. Sexual minority youth were significantly more likely than other students to have been bullied, been threatened or injured with a weapon at school, been in a gang, and to have skipped school because they felt unsafe. [click] Can students learn if they are not in school? [click] Sexual minority youth were also significantly more likely to have experienced dating violence – especially young lesbian women.