The HK Fantasies workshop focuses on strategies for Hong Kong 2030. This presentation shows the analysis, strategies and proposals by the 'Alternative Economies' group:
HK - OUTSIDE IN: ‘global city’, ‘economic evolution’
HK - INSIDE OUT: ‘derive’, ‘objective mapping’, ‘subjective mapping’
HK - ECONOMICS: ‘hong kong to the world’, ‘the world to hong kong’
HK - FANTASIES: ‘hk mega micro’, ‘hk maximum city’, ‘hk knowledge city’, ‘hk ict’, ‘hk harmonious city’, ‘ hk agrocity’,‘hk hidden city’
2. ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIES
HK - OUTSIDE IN
‘global city’
‘economic evolution’
HK - INSIDE OUT
‘derive’
‘objective mapping’
‘subjective mapping’
HK - ECONOMICS
‘hong kong to the world’
‘the world to hong kong’
HK - FANTASIES
‘hk mega micro’
‘hk maximum city’
‘hk knowledge city’
‘hk ict’
‘hk harmonious city’
‘ hk agrocity’
‘hk hidden city’
3. HK - OUTSIDE IN
‘global city’
‘economic evolution’
5. A global city is a “command centre of world economy” Saskia Sassen
main criteria:
• place of headquarters’ of transnational companies
• major centre for finance
• location of a fast growing corporate orientated service sector
• place international institutions
• important node of transport lines and infrastructure
Recognizable is a very one-sided specification on purely economical criteria’s where so-
cial and political aspects are almost not considered.
Honk Kong was walking towards the specification on purely economical concentration since
the last 100 years based on its unique history.
global city and its criteria
6. global city
=> hierarchical system
-> decisive is the global degree of cross-linking
-> the stronger the cross-linking the higher the position
MOSCOW
AMSTERDAM
TORONTO BRUSSELS GENEVA
CHICACO BOSTEN PARIS TOKYO
SAN FRANCISCO MILAN
LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON NEW YORK MADRID
HONG KONG
SINGAPORE
=> “global Network of production”
- after several point transnational companies externalizing tasks due to the complexity of the network and structure
-> corporate orientated service sector (for example: advertisement firms, insurances, law offices, ….)
-> banks and finance service achieving more importance due to deregulation of the 70th
-> more possibilities for expansion, for transnational companies as well as for corporate orientated service provider
global industry
city
transnational companies
-> since 60th
global city and its development
7. => spatial clusters form the centre for global activity of the service sector
-> fast availability of information
(tacit knowledge / know how)
-> only possible with agglomeration
agglomeration
agglomeration
cluster
cluster
agglomeration
cluster
flow of information from cluster to cluster
flow of information from agglomeration to cluster
global cities
=> are cities that creating a network based on the strengthend flow of information
global city and its development
8. social consequences
global industry global - middle class
city city
transnational companies + high-skill-expert
+ low-skill-worker
-> since 60th to serve the uper class
+ illegal immigration
causing additional tention
[global cities main destina-
tions for immigrants]
spatial consequences
outskirts
low-skill-worker
inner city high-skill
with convenient infrastructure expert
gentrification
-> process of low income inhabitants are displaced by upper class inhabitants
global city and its consequences
9. MOSCOW
LONDON
AMSTERDAM
TORONTO BRUSSELS
CHICACO PARIS GENEVA
BOSTEN MILAN TOKYO
SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK
LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON MADRID
HONG KONG
SINGAPORE
GLOBAL CITIES
well rounded global cities - large
well rounded global cities - smaller and still emerging
global niche cities - financial
global niche cities - political and social
leading global cities and world cities
defined by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) in 2004
10. OSLO STOCKHOLM
COPENHAGEN
FRANKFURT BERLIN
OTTAWA MUNICH VIENNA
DENVER LYON
BASEL ZURICH BEIJING
ANTLANTA BARCELONA ROME
OSAKA
SHANGHAI
MIAMAI CAIRO NEW DELHI
MEXICO CITY
MUMBAI MANILA
ADDIS ABABA BANGKOK
ABIDJAN
NAIROBI SINGAPORE
HARARE
SYDNEY
MELBOURNE
WORLD CITIES
subnet articulator cities
worldwide leading cities - primarily economic global contributions
worldwide leading cities - primarily non-economic global contributions
leading global cities and world cities
defined by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) in 2004
11. OSLO STOCKHOLM
MOSCOW
LONDON COPENHAGEN
TORONTO
FRANKFURT AMSTERDAM
BRUSSELS BERLIN
CHICACO OTTAWA MUNICH GENEVA
PARIS VIENNA
DENVER BOSTEN LYON TOKYO
SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK BASEL MILAN
ZURICH BEIJING
LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON
ANTLANTA BARCELONA ROME
MADRID OSAKA
SHANGHAI
MIAMI CAIRO NEW DELHI HONG KONG
MEXICO CITY
MUMBAI MANILA
ADDIS ABABA BANGKOK
ABIDJAN SINGAPORE
NAIROBI SINGAPORE
HARARE
SYDNEY
MELBOURNE
GLOBAL CITIES WORLD CITIES
well rounded global cities - large subnet articulator cities
well rounded global cities - smaller and still emerging worldwide leading cities - primarily economic global contributions
global niche cities - financial worldwide leading cities - primarily non-economic global contributions
global niche cities - political and social
leading global cities and world cities
defined by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) in 2004
13. 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
APR 1927-MAY 1950
PRC CIVIL WAR
1914-1918 1941-1945 1967-1968 1978
WWI WWII PRC Cultural Revolution China Open Door Policy
POLITICAL 1851 1911 2003
OVERTHROWN OF QING DYNASTY SARS
1847 Gold rush in Australia 1860 1898 1937 1950-1953
1984 1997
JAN 1842 Sino-Japanese war Korean war
Gold rush in San Francisco Kowloon ceded to UK New Territories lease to UK AGREEMENT TO REUNION OF Hong Kong China Reunion
1912
Hong Kong island ceded to UK DEC 1941-AUG 1945 HK AND PRC
Establishment of PRC
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF HK
1955-1964
RAPID PUBLIC HOUSING BUILDING
?
1959
VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT TO UK TRADE
Formalized port from illegal to legal: Trading transist port 1950
Embargo to China from US, UK(Korean War) > Drop of manufacture > “Made in Hogn Kong” branding
1865 Establish of HSBC 1998
MAY 1842 Rise of shipping industry due to busy trading MANUFACTURE Regulation of gold market and banking Finance, tourism, real estate and transportation took off FINANCE Completion of HK International airport
Fishing Village DECLARED “FREE-
TRADE PORT” 1863 Establish of Whampoa Dock Co.
Refugee from China due to PRC civil war Refugee from China due to WWII Industries moved away to avoid quota ban
China import: Opium smuggling(86.5% total export) Prosper of manufacturing industry Prosper of textile industry
Export: TRADE China export : Indentured labour to US 1965
Incense Decline in industry, rise in service industry move to China for cheap labour
320,000 Indentured labour exported > 3.4M Quota on HK export by US, UK
Salt
China export : Chinese tea to UK
Prosper of small and medium-sized enterprises after
industries
1972 HKDLink Exchange System with USD, disregarding UKD
Rise of Chinese capitalist manufaturing, retailing and banking 1978 Appearance of sale of housing before built (樓花)
1973 Oil Crisis/Stock market crisis 1987 Black Monday/Stock market crisis
1965
Banking crisis (HSBC invested in Heng Seng Bank) 1997 Asian financial crisis
AGRICULTURE 2008 Global financial crisis
14. 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920
1914-1918
WWI
POLITICAL 1851 1911
OVERTHROWN OF QING DYNAS
1847 Gold rush in Australia 1860 1898
JAN 1842 Gold rush in San Francisco Kowloon ceded to UK New Territories lease to UK
1912
Hong Kong island ceded to UK Establishment of PRC
Formalized port from illegal to legal: Trading transist port
1865 Establish of HSBC
MAY 1842 Rise of shipping industry due to busy trading
Fishing Village DECLARED “FREE-
TRADE PORT” 1863 Establish of Whampoa Dock Co.
China import: Opium smuggling(86.5% total export)
Export: TRADE China export : Indentured labour to US
Incense
320,000 Indentured labour exported > 3.4M
Salt
China export : Chinese tea to UK
Rise of Chinese capitalist manufaturing, retailing and banking
AGRICULTURE
15. 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
APR 1927-MAY 1950
PRC CIVIL WAR
1941-1945 1967-1968 1978
WWII PRC Cultural Revolution China Open Door Policy
2003
SARS
1937 1950-1953
1984 1997
Sino-Japanese war Korean war
AGREEMENT TO REUNION OF Hong Kong China Reunion
DEC 1941-AUG 1945 HK AND PRC
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF HK
1955-1964
RAPID PUBLIC HOUSING BUILDING
?
1959
VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT TO UK TRADE
1950
Embargo to China from US, UK(Korean War) > Drop of manufacture > “Made in Hogn Kong” branding
1998
MANUFACTURE Regulation of gold market and banking Finance, tourism, real estate and transportation took off FINANCE Completion of HK International airport
Refugee from China due to PRC civil war Refugee from China due to WWII Industries moved away to avoid quota ban
Prosper of manufacturing industry Prosper of textile industry
1965
Quota on HK export by US, UK Decline in industry, rise in service industry move to China for cheap labour
Prosper of small and medium-sized enterprises after
industries
1972 HKDLink Exchange System with USD, disregarding UKD
1978 Appearance of sale of housing before built (樓花)
1973 Oil Crisis/Stock market crisis 1987 Black Monday/Stock market crisis
1965
Banking crisis (HSBC invested in Heng Seng Bank) 1997 Asian financial crisis
2008 Global financial crisis
16. HK - INSIDE OUT
‘derive’
‘objective mapping’
‘subjective mapping’
34. NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
HK ISLAND
WATER SIDE
HK ISLAND
HILL SIDE
35. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
36. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
37. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
38. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
39. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
40. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
41. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
42. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
43. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
44. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
45. SHUM
KOWLOON
SHUI
CITY
PO
NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD
WEST SIDE EAST SIDE
MONG MONG
KOK KOK
YAU YAU
MA MA
TEI TEI
TSIM TSIM
SHA SHA
TSUI TSUI
NORTH
POINT QUARRY
HK ISLAND BAY
WATER SIDE SHEUNG
WAN
CENTRAL CAUSEWAY
BAY
WAN
HK ISLAND CHAI
HILL SIDE
68. Trading and Logistics
27.23% in Total GDP
25.5% in Total Employment
Tourism
3.1% in Total GDP
13.6% in Total Employment
Where ?
Financial services
15.78% in Total GDP
15.7% in Total Employment
69. Merchandise Trade
Japan
U.S.A Germany Main China 7.3%
2.3%
9.1 %
UK 47.78 %
1.9%
Taiwan
4.6%
Singapore
4.4%
70. Tourism Annual Arrivals Japan
4.7%
U.S.A Main China
4.4%
UK 54.97 %
2.1%
Korea
Tiwan 3.1%
7.9%
Singapore
2.0%
Aus&NZ
2.7%
73. Greenland(Denmark)
Population 55,916
Area 2,175,600 km2
Density 0.026 p/km2
Macau
Population 520,400
Area 28.6 km2
Density 18,196 p/km2
Monaco
Population 520,400
Area 28.6 km2
Density 16,754 p/km2
Hong Kong S.A.R
Population 7,040,885
Area 1,099 km2
Vatican Density 6,407 p/km2
Population 821
Area 0.44 km2
Density 1,866 p/km2
Singapole
Population 5,588,600
Area 1.95 km2
Density 6,489 p/km2
Macau Hong kong Singapole Vatican Monaco
1km2 1km2 1km2 1km2 1km2
Low population density
High population density
88. HK - FANTASIES
STRATEGIES FOR A BETTER WORLD
‘hk mega micro’
‘hk maximum city’
‘hk knowledge city’
‘hk ict’
‘hk harmonious city’
‘ hk agrocity’
‘hk hidden city’
89. HK fantasies
HK Mega Micro
HK Maximum City
HK Knowlage City
HK ICT
HK Harmonious City
HK Agro City
HK Hidden City
122. Hong Kong and its Education now
70% of the economy is driven by the service sector.
$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$
This means 4% of the inhabitants are running 70 % of Hong Kong’s economy.
This 4% are the high skilled and high educated people.
What about the other 96% of honk Kong’s population?
123. The idea of insertion knowledge as an additional flow into Hong
Kong is based on the theory to have education as the starting point (spin-off
effect) for the self-development in different layers - economically, socially, envi-
ronmentally and spatially.
124. education
knowledge people stay due to the flourishing culture, as well the trading knowledge, the
culture
?! raising quality of live
creative bringing new ideas and concepts for the intellectual development,
industry thus creating a new market of innovation and progress
more
tourism based on culture and quality of life
environment
also the needed capacities for
out of the lower class the high-skilled jobs will be
a new middle class available
will raise and fill in
the gap
wider variation of
job opportunities
and needed skill awareness due to increase in high education-
levels al level (ex, green research); people stay due
to the flourishing culture, as well the trading
harmony knowledge, the raising quality of live
and balance
133. how?
strategies = copy + paste by add - subtract - re-mix
three levels
of educational
institutions basic tertiary high
innovative capacity ?! ?! ?!
building
high + low low + high specialization + green
re-mix of social stratas re-mix of social stratas re-mix of social stratas
from dependent to interdependent – diversify – disperse - network
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142. Long term vision
Thinking stops pure production.
144. iHK
In Hong Kong...
77% Broadband penetration 1/6 companies has set up overseas branch
2nd Highest broadband penetration 1/3 companies has set up mainland branch
154% Mobile phone penetration 165% increase in manpower 1996-2002
1 million mobile 3G subscribers 8% manpower growth, 10% revenue growth
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CORNWELL
NEW YORK
HONG KONG TOKYO
i i i
HAWAII SAN JUAN
i i
i SOUTHERN FLORIDA
i
SINGAPORE
i
SYDNEY
KNOWLEDGE IS RICHNESS!!!
145. TSING MA BRIDGE
23 MIN LINKAGE TO CBD
NO TSUNAMI CENTRAL
NO EARTHQUAKE HK CBD
NO VOLCANO
EXISTING DEVELOPMENT
LANTAU ISLAND
HK CABLE HUB
170. summary on Hong Kong and its economy
The ongoing urbanization process has lead to a very distinct two sided surface, with 20%
being highly urban, and 80% being highly green.
Both of these unbalanced developments have created consequences for it users. Living
‘inside’ the city has resulted to living in an economical jungle, a vast array of commercial
activity throughout both its cores (the North-South core, as well as the East-West core).
The pyscho-sociological effects of this make the mind and body inhabit a densely active
economical jungle, where there is little, if any escape. It seems ecology has had to
make way for economy!
This process of urbanization has also lead to an increasing social divide, where the gap
between the rich and the poor continously grows - leading to social segregation and frag-
mented gentrification.
A purely one-sided economically driven urbanization process (80% services)
has governed its historical spatial development.
Our visions are based on the idea to balance this current form of development in order to
create a sustainable and prosperous city - a well rounded global city.