CSI.SP: 'In SP' Project Presentations (17 Apr 2009)

CSI Team

Introduction CSI.SP

Presentation 1
17-04-09 14:00-18:00
FAU-USP Lecture Hall

IN.SP PROJECT PRESENTATIONS 2009

IN.SP PROJECT PRESENTATIONS

14:00-14:15 Introduction CSI_SP

14:15-15:00 Project Presentation Block I: Informality as Exclusion

14:15 Picturing São Paulo
14:35 Publicness, the power of control?
14:45 Cortiços: Informal housing at its margin

15:00-15:30 Discussion Moment I: Feedback

15:30-15:45 Break

15:45-16:10 Project Presentation Block II: Informality for Inclusion

15:45 Valuating the Informal Built Environment
15:55 Minhocão : Informal use of the Urban Highway
16:05 Informality as Strategy

16:10-16:40 Discussion Moment II: Feedback

16:45-17:30 Concluding Discussion

17:30-18:00 Drinks

IN.SP PRESENTATION

Presentation Block I
Informality as Exclusion

IN.SP Presentations
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


Jan v.B., Rutger H., Sabrina V., Martine V.

Picturing São Paulo

Presentation 2
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


Motivation: How to deal with understanding the urban complexity of Sao Paulo.

“(…) the panorama of the surface is already so vast and rich and various that it more than
suffices to saturate the mind with information and meanings. (…) It is only after you have
come to know the surface of the things, (…) that you venture to seek what is underneath.
But the surface is inexhaustible.”

Italo Calvino – Mr. Palomar

1.) How to find a format that does not reduce the city to false abstractions,
to create false transparency.

2.) A tool that expresses complexity, but that on the other hand provides
information about urban phenomena in the broadest sense.

What you did: ‘Walking in the city’
Michiel de Certeau

Mapping the city all its diversity to
create an urban collage:

Literary descriptions

Photography

Video

Paul Citroen – Metropolis, 1923

The relevance :

The instrument has its relevance on two levels:

1.) General: Contemporary metropolitan cities are difficult to
represent. My instrument shows the diversity and complexity
by incomplete flashes and fragments, instead of abstract
scientific data.

2.) The relevance of the collage: The city is the endless surface
that appears to us when we walk through it, experienced by a
human eye in a walking body. A restless eye, reading the city
not as text, not chapter after chapter or word after word, but
by fragments and flashes, skipping almost simultaneously
from details to widescreen overviews. The collage is the
perfect representation of this.

3.) The collage (in the broader sense of the word) is especially
suitable for the condition of Sao Paulo where so many
different realities are running simultaneously together. In a
world of walls and enclosure, in a desperate search for
security.

Parallel Worlds Project by Rutger Huiberts

Paulistas don’t know their city. It is just too big.
On top of that, in this urban jungle one does not need to know all. Paulistas live in parallel worlds,
each of which is spatially and socially segregated by mechanisms of exclusion.
Walls, fences, feelings of peril, unwritten dress codes and entrance fees make it impossible and
undesirable for all to know all.

Crime levels are high, but are these feelings of unsafety, threat and the need to segregate not just
exaggerated by the unknown world behind the wall?

I cannot understand this city in a few weeks. Therefore I have the feeling that I cannot solve its
problems. But the eyes of the stranger can view things from a different perspective.

Exploring São Paulo has been my goal these weeks. Attempting to experience the city not from
the Paulista point of view (car, bus, helicopter, and shutting themselves off from an overkill of
visual input) but walking and drifting. Trying to find connections, gradients, events, similarities
and parallel worlds along the road.

Parallel Worlds
Some issues that I want to address after the walks I made:

Abandoned buildings
Walls, gates, cameras
Telecommunication
Traffic
Shopping mall
Gated community
(hyper)dense São Paulo
Cortiços house
Kites
Urban agriculture
Homeless guy

and more...

Parallel Worlds

Approach

Make use of the billboards that were
whitewashed after the Municipal ban of
2006.

Use 1 photo to describe the city from a
formal, or top down approach.
Then make a collage with a narrative /
detail / experience, putting both elements
of the collage in a new perspective.

Map the photos and the links.

Parallel Worlds

The window openings of many of the
abandoned buildings of São Paulo are
closed with brick walls.
Is it to prevent people from entering and
squatting or to hide what is inside?

Parallel Worlds

A rich neighbourhood is recognised by
its gates, walls, security cameras, fences
and closed façades.

Parallel Worlds

Good Morning.
Transit.
Work.
Transit.
Good Night.

Written on a wall in Morumbi

Parallel Worlds

“I can rent this piece of land from the
electricity company who owns it. The
contract is renewed every year. I grow
beetroot, cabbage, lettuce, melons, some
herbs and a few banana trees. It is close
to my house and provides income. And I
don’t have to commute for it.”

Parallel Worlds

How to advertise without words?
Using brightly coloured façades is becoming an important strategy
after the use of too many words was banned by the Municipality
in 2006.

Parallel Worlds

The streets in Paraìsopolis are densely filled with people,
merchandise, advertisements, cars, children playing, priests
preeching.

FORMAL

Sabrina Verhage
INFORMAL ARTS

INFORMAL

Stencil art

Poster art Wheatpaste Graffiti Sticker art

The architectura
l facade as a blan
k piece of paper,
with specified w
riting columns

PICHACAO

Pavements in public spaces
The diversity of street patterns in Sao Paulo

Pavements are an integral part of every urban fabric, literally the interstitial tissues of our cities’ networks.

75 street patterns

Google geotagging + all patterns in map

walking the strip
monday
tuesday

wednesday

Urban ground is where the public appropriates and modifies the very surface of the city

Spatial Appropriation Bela Vista Moema
Appropriation as vehicle of meaning, from informal to formal and temporary to permanent

Publicness vs. Appropriateness
A pavement could be considered as a place to pass by or as a mapping notation.

consequence
of
constant
circulation

passing by passing by

boundaries

mapping notation passing by

The relevance lies in Publicness vs. Appropriateness
pavement as vehicle of meaning
subthemes
color
function
boundaries
boundaries

continuities
discontinuities

+
continuities
location
discontinuities
yellow lines
analyzis

Google geotagging + clustering per subtheme

Nicola Knop, Chris Rovers

Publicness -
the power of control?

Presentation 3
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


publicness, the power of control?
reflection of the diversity of Sao Paulo in its cities publicness

public space

…is a place where strangers meet.
Accordingly the street is the most public place.

criteria that create degrees of publicness
▪ given infrastructure and the resulting public flow
▪ intentionality and functions
▪ a matter of scale
▪ power and control
▪ physical requirements like spaces of retreat, spaces of gathering or transitions and borders

different qualities of publicness

metropolitan public neighbourhood public

city public community public

district public private

public web scheme

▪ the public web as a tree struc-
ture
▪ the public web as a tree struc-
ture plus additional sub-connec-
tions
▪ the connections representing
the intensity of the public flow

International Airport

Alphaville

SESC Pompeia

Condominio Edrificio IAB

Parque do Libirapura
Parque Cidade Jardim
Cidade Tiradentes
Morumbi
Favela Edith
Paraisopolis

community space
neighbourhood space
district space

▪ classification map of the quality city space

of visited places
metropolitan space

Sao Paulo

The ideal of publicness is the ‘unconditional welcome’ of everyone.

▪ a sum of fragments as a result of borders and clusters

▪ controlled space contra claiming space
- > control of public space by privatisation using the power of control
private domain -> creats public sphere -> privatised public space
- > privatisation of the public, the creation of public sphere in the private domain
also based on scale - private moves more into the public in areas with high density
privatisation of public space -> semi public - > community space

...

▪ one example of public knot

comment
In a metropolitan city will always be in exclusion of some people even in metropolitan public space,
the domain with usually the highest quality of publicness.

to continue
▪ look in to detail of three different neighbourhoods (different in scale, income and location) and vi-
sualise the quality of publicness
▪ to study and visualise the role of public buildings in the public web
▪ define a site for the design object regarding the graduation project

‘From Safety To Where...?’

MOTIVATION Exploring the Public City The Public web Conclusions & Strategies

Motivation. My interest for this workshop is based
on the experience of a different public culture in
Sao Paulo compared to other cities, whether Brazil-
ian or European. Most other Brazilian cities have an
unrivalled outdoor culture, where people are us-
ing public spaces like the streets, parks and beaches
as the extension of their home. In Sao Paulo on the
contrary, this public culture is less visible. This per-
ception has been the starting point for my project.

During my last visit and the first week of the work-
shop I elaborated a theory to try to understand which
conditions, tools and approaches have led to this par-
ticular public culture. In this first elaboration I split
the formalized city artifact into so called free zones
and controlled zones. In between space has been
created for informality, in other words formalizing the
informal, thereby neglecting that informality is al-
ways a response to formality.

Formalizing through Control the Informal
Publicness, the Power of Control? Workshop CSI Sao Paulo, April 17th 2009 CRovers

Motivation EXPLORING THE CITY The Public web Conclusions & Strategies

Infrastructural
Pedestrian unfriendly
Bad maintenance
Free public space claimed by homeless

Interiorized public space
Left-over space
Informal use
Temporal flexibility
Pleasant remainance
Inside-outside commercial space

Good maintenance
Security
Dynamical use
Control
Architectural public space


Motivation EXPLORING THE CITY The Public web Conclusions & Strategies

Inventive way of creating square
Stop on the way
Flexible space
Soft boundaries
Singular use

A paradise within the metropole
Security
Freedom of action
Publicness

Privatized public space
Secured living environment
Communal space
Soft boundaries
A good start


Motivation Exploring the Public City THE PUBLIC WEB Conclusions & Strategies

Location & Connection

Street profile & Accessibility

Programme

City space, bordered

Local space, unbordered

Communal space, unbordered
Maintenance & Security

Motivation Exploring the Public City The Public web CONCLUSIONS & STRATEGIES

Conclusion. Rapid growth of the city as well as the planning device used by Three alternative strategies
municipality to control this publicness have resulted in a very differenti-
ated experience of publicness in varying districts. Both this inexhaustible
desire of municipality to control the informal and the fear of not being well-
protected against the lurking danger have made the publicness rather for-
malized. Many of the well-used public spaces are drawn into the interior
or restricted to certain areas, both being tools to make it easier to protect
and control the public.

Creating pedestrian boulevards

Spatial planning is an important tool to create an environment for public cul-
ture. Some variables are: profile of the streets, programme, maintenance, se-
curity, location, connections and accessibility. By manipulating these variables
a more flexible and dynamical public space can be created to replace the
sometimes singular, highly infrastructural and often excluding pub-
lic spaces of now in between the concentrations of a more interesting public
culture. Of course there are plenty of places with potential. The challenge is
to develop here an interesting programme, a supporting infrastructure
and connect them properly into the public sphere to create an environment
Mixing up the programme, creating flexible spaces
where publicness is stimulated.

Connecting public spaces


Marleen d.R., Philippe J., Jaqueline R., Flavio F.

Cortiços: Informal housing at
its margin

Presentation 4
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


Sobrado: Rua Lopes Trovão 144

Edificio: Rua Mauá 340

Galpão: Rua Conde São Joaquim 140

Sobrado: Rua Lopes Trovão 144

Galpão: Rua Conde São Joaquim 140

RECAPITULATORY QUESTIONS

- DENSITY
two scales: urban fabric and living unit
need for and consequences of decompression within units

- SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT & SIZE
highly efficient use of spare space (three dimensions)
usually precarious hygienic conditions (light, air, sewage)

- TYPOLOGY
appropriateness of different building types for informal housing use

- INTERVENTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
-already with entitling and decompression much improvement can be achieved, be-
cause of own investments inhabitants.
Building types meant for dwelling are most appropriate for this approach.
-then with intervention of architect more quality of dwelling can be achieved and a
larger scope of building types can be made appropriate.

IN.SP PRESENTATION

Discussion Moment I

IN.SP Presentations
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


IN.SP PRESENTATION

Break

IN.SP Presentations
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


IN.SP PRESENTATION

Presentation Block II
Informality as Inclusion

IN.SP Presentations
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


Daan van den Berg, Jasper Overkleeft

Valuating the Informal Built
Environment

Presentation 5
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


jasPer overkleeFt
“With My background in building technologie, it’s
interesting to look at the building environMent oF the
inForMal settleMents oF sao Paulo. What Methods and
Materials are used?”

-Valuation of informal building enVironment-

daan van den berg
“With My background in real estate & housing,
valuation oF these settleMents is a toPic that is
interesting but diFFicult to adress, because oF the
highly Fluctuating Market and a Weird Willingness
to Pay”

Project outPut Field Work Materials Model
-Motivation- overlaP checklist tiMeline conclusion
-1-

creating a checklist and a mathematical model (excel) based on
the valuation oF dutch real estate Projects, but adaPted in such a Way that it
can be used to valuate inForMal settleMents. the checklist Will be used to ForM
an analysis FroM Which certain Variables For the Model can be derived.

creating a timeline With diFFerent dWelling tyPologies and their building

methods and materials Within inForMal settleMents. deriving FroM this

analysis the construction costs and ProPosing soMe construction
enhancements.

-Project outPut- Field Work Materials Model
Motivation overlaP checklist tiMeline conclusion
-2-

Project overlaP Will occur on the Points oF analysing the saMe inForMal

settleMent (ParaisoPolis) and on calculating Values. Meaning
Market value, construction costs and actual value. this Way the three can be

coMPared and can conclusions For inVestment be draWn.

Motivation -overlaP- checklist tiMeline conclusion
-3-

Project outPut -Field Work- Materials Model
-4-

main toPics that Will be adressed in the checklist For inForMal
settleMents are the FolloWing:

- coMMon object sPeciFics - construction
- housing Market (deMand) - Facilities
- housing Market (suPPly) - governMent
- Financial

every Main toPic has its oWn subtoPics, this Way the checklist can be a

guideline For the investor to create a good iMage oF the ProPerty that has
to be valuated. note that not every Point has to be adressed equaly.

Motivation overlaP -checklist- tiMeline conclusion
-5-

common object sPecifics is divided in the FolloWing subtoPics:
- naMe oF the coMPlex

- number of dwellings Per tyPe
(nuMber oF garages or Parking Places)
(nuMber oF other rooMs)
- year oF construction
- lot size (M2)
- size oF dWelling Per tyPe

alley: r$ 10.000 viela:
r$15.000- Main street: boco:r$40.000-
r$25.000 r$40.000 r$60.000

Motivation overlaP -checklist- tiMeline conclusion
-5-

Prize: Prize: Prize:
r$ 17,30 r$ 19.90 r$ 0.40
steel concrete ceraMic
$ 7.86 $ 9.04 $ 0.18
reinForceMent Per 25kg brick
€ 5.94 € 6.83 € 0.13
Per M1 Per M2

Prize: Prize:
Prize:
r$ 6.70 r$ 0.53
Floor beaMs ceraMic corrugated r$ 21.90
$ 3.04 $ 0.24
Per M1
Floor sheets $ 9.55
€ 2.30 € 0.18
Per M2 Per M2
€ 7.52

coMMon dWelling rebuild value Percentage oFF building cost
rrooF 10%

rWalls 24%

rFloors 35%

rconstruction 5%

rFoundation 21%

total rebuild cost : r$ 3500

Project outPut Field Work -Materials- Model
-6-

-7-

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Project outPut Field Work Materials -Model-
-8-

the inForMal settleMents are ForMing a large Part oF the city oF sao Paulo and

are in a constant state oF deVeloPment and MoveMent, still groWing and

exPanding. PeoPle have a certain willingness to Pay to stay in such
neighbourhoods, there is a Market deMand. but isn’t the Price versus quality
ProPortion long gone in these Places? estiMating the actual value oF real estate
ProPerty can helP Making the housing Market More transParant For inves-

tors, and can helP to create More tenant certainty Which can translate
in a better quality oF the building environMent.

Motivation overlaP checklist tiMeline -conclusion-
-9-

Arife Karaosmanoglu, Toon Stallaart

Minhocão - Informal use of
the Urban Highway

Presentation 6
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


Minhocão / Elevado

1971 – 20..?

Product
Four fragments showing the transformation on top and underneath
the viaduct at the same time, after the moment it opens and closes

Motivation

Informality (in the urban context) is always
a response to formality

In the case of Minhocão, ignorant planning
permitted the occurance of informality

New plans for Minhocão either ignore or
exclude informal use

I want to show the quality of informal use

Argument
Can architects plan formality as a response to informality?

Does the transformation of the viaduct change the (in)formal
activities on and underneath the viaduct Minhocão?

Bart Aptroot

Informality as Strategy

Presentation 7
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


Sao Paulo is a heterogenous monster 

3 ci3es: future, present, past 
Future Sao Paulo ended in the 70’s 
Informal Sao Paulo is always in the present 
Formal Sao Paulo is building the past

Informality tends to cluster 

Example: “park & light”, a cluster of interior light stores that double as parking garages

Condi3ons for clustering 

Flexibility of building typology  Flexibility of zoning plan 

History  (absence of) infrastructure

Two strategic urban design approaches (for architects) 

• Use micro interven3ons to create a semi public inner world with the poten3al to interact with   
the neighbours. 
• Ini3ate plans with land owners.  Focus on high investment rather than high proﬁt for easy 
municipal approval. Land owner will sell land + plan + approval (low risk = high price) to a 
developer in a bidding procedure.

Informal clustering (aTer a succesful ﬁrst aUempt) 

• Neighbouring plots not only link to the newly  created semi public inner world. They’ll start 
crea3ng their own inner fabric. Linking these areas increases success. 
• ATer one larger land owner has proven the success of selling land with pland and approval 
others will see opportuni3es for their proper3es and ini3ate similar strategies.

IN.SP PRESENTATION

Discussion Moment II

IN.SP Presentations
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


IN.SP PRESENTATION

Concluding Discussion

IN.SP Presentations
17-04-09 14:00-18:00


CSI.SP: 'In SP' Project Presentations (17 Apr 2009)

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