1. 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events
from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.
3.02 Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.
2. Review
Expansion of slavery is dividing North
and South
North abolitionist movements
○ William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick
Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Nat Turner’s
Rebellion
South defend slavery as “necessary evil”
○ Economy depends on Slave labor
Westward expansion will increase these
tensions as southerners look to expand
slavery
3. Missouri Compromise
Review
3 parts of the Missouri Compromise
○ Maine admitted as Free State
○ Missouri admitted as Slave State
○ 36’30” line divides country (above is free and
below is slave)
Westward expansion will create the
need for a new compromise over
expansion of slavery
4. Clay’s Compromise of 1850
Westward expansion opens debate of
slavery
Henry Clay- known as the Great
Compromiser
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a Free State
Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Act
○ Requires citizens to turn in any slave that is
attempting or has escaped
○ Failing to turn these people in will result in
punishment by law
○ Southern states will favor this act
5. Compromise of 1850
1) California
admitted as a
free state
2) Green- free
states and
territories
3) Yellow- slave
states and
territories
4) Purple- open to
slavery
6. Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
This act will reverse the Missouri
Compromise
Stephen Douglas will promote the idea
of popular sovereignty
States will now have the right to vote on
being slave or free
Based on Ideas of 10th Amendment
Powers not delegated to US, are reserved to
states or the people
7. Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
1) Light
Green- slave
states
2) Light Pink-
free states
3) Brown- now
open to
popular
sovereignty
8. Bleeding Kansas
Since Kansas can
now vote on being a
slave or free state a
showdown is set.
Pro-slavery and
anti-slavery
supporters move
into Kansas to
influence the vote
Lead to
bloodshed and
fights between
pro and anti-
slavery groups
9. Other Events
Underground Railroad
Movement of slaves to the North and
Canada using secret hideouts
Reason South calls for Fugitive Slave Law
Harriet Tubman is famous conductor of the
Underground Railroad
11. Other Events Cont.
John Brown’s Raid
John Brown will raid a federal weapons
arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
Brown wanted to give weapons to slaves to
start a revolt
Brown and his men will be captured and
hung
13. Other Events Cont.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Write book Uncle Tom’s Cabin in
1852
Book describes the humanity of
slaves and the inhumanity of
slavery
North- use this to defend abolition
South- say the book is full of lies
and be angered by what they see
as false information
Stowe will be called “The little lady
who started the big War” by Pres.
Lincoln
14. Sumner-Brooks Affair
1856
South Carolina Senator Preston Brooks
attacks Massachusetts Senator Charles
Sumner on Senate floor in Washington, DC
15. Dred Scott v. Sandford
March 1857
Dred Scott- slave suing for freedom (living
in free territory)
Court ruling
1. Slaves were not citizens and could not sue in
federal court
2. Missouri Compromise unconstitutional- US could
not forbid slavery in any territory
Reaction Further
divide North
North outraged
and South
South- supportive over slavery
issue
16. Rise of Republican Party and
Lincoln
Republican Party- form around one
issue---- Abolish Slavery
Gain in strength throughout the 1850s
Most famous and influential leader will
be Abraham Lincoln
17. Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
During the Senate Race in 1858
Lincoln (Republican)- did not want immediate
end to slavery but supported an end to
expansion of slavery
Stephen Douglas (Democrat)- supported
popular sovereignty
Lincoln will lose the election
His ideas will become central to
Republican Party and help him win
presidential election in 1860
18. Election of 1860
4 Candidates
Lincoln- Republican
2 Democrats- split the vote
1 third party
Lincoln wins without a single electoral
vote from South (South feels as if their
votes no longer matter)
Immediate result- Southern states start
to secede (led by South Carolina)
19. Election
of 1860
*Lincoln
wins without
getting a
single
electoral vote
from South
20. Southern Secession
After Election of 1860- southern states
secede (leave) the Union
Led by South Carolina
Set up the Confederate States of America
○ Constitution will permit slavery and give states
most power
Elect Jefferson Davis as President of the
Confederate States