The document discusses the shrinking of the Aral Sea located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It outlines several causes including the diversion of water from feeding rivers for cotton growing and irrigation in the 1960s-1980s. This caused the sea to shrink dramatically and led to problems like increased salinization, health issues from contaminants, and desertification of the region. Solutions discussed include dams to restore parts of the northern sea, repairing canals to return water to deltas, clean water projects, and efforts by various organizations to improve water management and support affected communities.