Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Morphology of fruits
1. MORPHOLOGY OF
FRUITS
Created by using various internet
Resources
for Educational Purpose only
by
Dr. M. Jayakara Bhandary
Associate Professor of Botany
Photo: Dinesh Nayak Vittla Government College
Karwar -581301
2. What is a fruit?
A mature or ripened ovary formed
after fertilization is called fruit.
Ovary wall – Pericarp
Ovule- seed
3. Parts of Fruits
Fruit
Ripened ovary
Pericarp Seed
Covering of ovary Ovule development
Epicarp Mesocarp Endocarp
Outermost Middle layer Innermost layer
4. Types of Fruits
1. True fruits
Ovary of the flowers grows into the
fruit.
2. Peudo-fruits/False fruits
It is often found that other floral parts
such as thalamus, receptacle or calyx,
may grow and form a part of fruit.
5. Types of the fruits
• Depending upon the number of
fruits developing from a flower
(which depends on number of
carpels present in the flowers),
the fruits are classified:
6. Fruit
Composite/
Aggregate
Simple fruit multiple
fruit fruit
Fleshy
Dry fruit
fruit
Dehiscen Indehiscen Schizocarpi
t t c
10. Aggregate Fruits
• Flowers with many
apocarpous (free)
ovaries – many fruits
from a single flower:
– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Follicles
– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Achenes
– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Drupes
– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Berries
11. Composite or Multiple Fruits
• One fruit from an entire
inflorescence
– Sorosis – from
spadix/spike
inflorescences (Jackfruit,
Pineapple)
– Syconus – from
hypanthodium (Eg. Fig)
25. Schizocarpic Fruits
Intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent
• Lomentum
– Splitting into
many one
seeded pieces
– Ex: Mimosa,
Ground nut
26. Cremocarp
From bicarpellary syncarpous
bilocular ovary,
2 chambered fruit – one seed in
each chamber.
Splits into two pieces called
mericarps which remain attached
to a central stalk called
carpophore.
Ex. Coriandrum, Fennel
27. Regma
From trilocular ovary,
3-chambered with
seeds in axile
placentation.
Each chamber with
single seed separates,
Remains attached to
the central
carpophore.
Ex. Castor
40. Multiple/composite fruit
Composed of a number of closely associated
flowers aggregate together is called multiple fruit.
1. Sorosis
Developing from spike in which flowers fused by
sepals and becomes woody.
Pineapple
2. Syconus
Developing from hypanthodium, pear-shaped which
encloses number of minute male and female
flowers.
Banyan, peepul, fig.