1. Alternative Theories of the Universe By Jacob Stern

3. Creationist Theory that everything was created by God or some divine being Young Earth Theory-Less than 10,000 years old, reshaped by flood Gap Creationism-Earth is as old as scientists say, but created by God. Also reshaped by global flood Progressive Evolution-Earth made by God, but man didn’t evolve from a single ancestor, instead from primates-no flood Intelligent design-accepts evolution from primates, and other theories of universe, but earth and life were a result of divine intervention

4. Stoic Universe A stoic universe is finite, surrounded by an infinite void. It pulsates and fluxes with upheavals and cosmic events.

5. Oscillation Time is beginning-less and endless. The universe is a perpetual cycle of Big Bang and Big Crunch or Implosion.

6. Cycle The Cycle theory is of a cycle of filling with hot, dense, matter and radiation, then cooling and expansion similar to the Big Bang Theory. But then it restarts, unlike some versions of the Big Bang Theory. Fills with matter and radiation Cools and expands After 14 billion years, begins accelerating in expansion and cooling After trillions of years, matter and radiation are spread thin Energy field fills void with new matter and radiation

7. Cosmology map of the beginning of a cycle of the universe