12.4

1. Chapter 12 Section 4
Objectives:
1. Describe how romanticism
emerged as a reaction to the
ideas of the Enlightenment at
the end of the 18th century.
2. Characterize the Industrial
Revolution, which created a
new interest in science and
helped produce the realist
movement.

2. I. Romanticism
a. Intellectual movement that
emerged in reaction to the
Enlightenment.
i. Romantics emphasized feelings and
imagination as sources of knowing.
b. Emotions were only known by
the person experiencing them.
c. Romanticism stressed
individualism, the belief that
each person is unique.

3. d. Romantics had influence in
the following areas;
i. Architecture- Houses of
Parliament in London.
ii. Novels- Frankenstein and works
by Edger Allen Poe.
iii. Poetry- Believed to be a direct
expression of the soul.

4. e. Romantic artists had two
basic beliefs;
i. Reflect the artist’s inner
soul.
ii. Abandon classical reason for
warmth and emotion.

7. II. A New Age of Science.
a. The Industrial Revolution
increased interest in scientific
research.
b. Discoveries that benefited all
Europeans.
i. Louis Pasteur- Germ Theory
ii. Dmitry Mendeleyev- Classification
of elements/ Atomic weights.
iii. Michael Faraday- Use of electric
current.

8. c. Edward Jenner- developed a
vaccine for smallpox.
i. This was a disease that killed
infants and young children.

9. d. Charles Darwin’s origin of the
Species by Means of Natural
Selection.
i. Proposed the idea of organic
evolutions.
1. Plants and animals develop
through their struggle for
existence.
2. Darwin believed this was natural
selection.
ii. Darwin believed that humans
developed from animals.

12. III. Realism
a. The belief that the world should
be viewed realistically.
b. Realism became a movement in
the arts as well.
c. Literary realists rejected
romanticism.
i. They wanted to depict actual
characters from real life, not exotic,
past heroes.

13. d. Charles Dickens wrote many
successful novels that focused
on the lower and middle
classes in G.B.’s Industrial
age.

14. e. Gustave Courbet was the most
famous realist painter.
i. He portrayed scenes of workers,
peasants, and the wives of saloon
keepers.
ii. He would paint only what he could
see.
f. Many objected to his paintings as
ugly and found his paintings of
human misery scandalous.