1. Unit 3
2012
Memory Revision

2. A) An inability to generate coherent sentences
B) Minimal functional deficit in memory abilities
C) A lack of coordination for procedural
memories
D) An ability to remember past memories but
no ability to form new ones

3. Fred was in an accident which
damaged his amygdala. Which of
the following would he have most
difficulty with since the accident?
A) Reading books
B) Riding his bike
C) Having emotional content in his memories
D) To consolidation process

4. Kandel’s research into
memory formation found that
A) Aplysia were more intelligent than dolphins
B) Biochemical changes in synaptic function form
different types of memories
C) Neuronal changes due to learning were not
verified in other species, so his findings could
not be verified
D) Neuronal biochemical changes were
inconsistent between different species

5. It has been suggested that
differences in memory ability
across individual’s lifespan are
due to
A) Higher levels of confidence in elderly people when
asked to learn or remember new information
B) Quicker processing of information by elderly
people within tests of memory retention when
requiring recall
C) An improvement in neural functioning within the
central nervous system of elderly people
D) Lower motivation among elderly people to
remember new and meaningless information

6. Impairment of memory for
events that occur prior to
severe head injury is called
A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Repression
C) Retrograde amnesia
D) Selective forgetting

7. Which of the following is NOT
a characteristic of Alzheimer’s
disease?
A) Deterioration of the hippocampus
B) The accumulation of fatty deposits within
the brain
C) Progressive decay of tissue within the
cerebral cortex
D) Dramatic degradation of the reticular
activating system

8. An anterograde amnesiac was
tested for her memory span for
unrelated nouns. What is your
best guess about how many
items she remembered
A) Zero
B) Four
C) Seven
D) nine

9. _______ refers to the process
of maintaining information in
our memory.
A) Encoding
B) Acquisition
C) Retention
D) Recording

10. In order for memory to be
useful, it must be
A) Recorded
B) Retrieved
C) Linked to episodic contexts
D) Decoded according to phonemic
characteristics

11. The word flower is flashed on a screen. A
mental picture of the word flower
represents a _____ code; the definition
part of a plant used for decoration
represents a ______code; and sounds
like tower represents a ______ code.
A) structural; semantic; phonemic
B) Iconic; semantic; episodic
C) Phonemic; structural; semantic
D) Iconic; structural; echoic

12. A neurodegenerative disease is
best described as
A) A brain trauma
B) An inflicted or acquired brain injury
C) A brain-related disorder associated with older
people
D) A progressive decline in the structure and/or
function of neurons in the central nervous system

13. ______ determines what
information moves from sensory
memory to short-term memory.
A) Chunking
B) Consolidation
C) Encoding
D) Selective attention

14. _______ provides a way of
improving the efficiency of short
term memory by re-organising
information into larger units.
A) Chunking
B) Consolidation
C) Encoding
D) Categorisation

15. Theories of short term memory
propose that its duration can be
prolonged by;
A) The formation of echoes
B) Rehearsal
C) Counting aloud to prevent new input
D) The use of iconic imagery

16. Our episodic memory contains
A) Personal recollections of life events
B) Factual memory
C) Chronological information
D) Knowledge of how to do things

17. In free recall, good memory
performance for the items at
the end of the list is called;
A) Displacement
B) The primacy effect
C) The latency effect
D) The recency effect

18. Short term memory stores
A) A limited amount of information while it is
required for further manipulation
B) All forms of data, provided it is chunked
into larger units of information
C) Only information retrieved from our LTM
D) All of the details gathered by our sensory
systems until it is permanently encoded
into our LTM

19. The average number of bits of
information that can usually be
processed within short term
memory is
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

20. As short term memory can only store
information for approximately_____
seconds, the process of ______ may be used to
hold onto this information while it is needed
A) 18-20; chunking
B) 3-4; selective attention
C) 3-4; semantic encoding
D) 18-20; maintenance rehearsal

21. Maintenance rehearsal is to
elaborative rehearsal as
A) Deep processing is to shallow
processing
B) Rote repetition is to semantic encoding
C) Organisation is to chunking
D) Decoding is to clustering

22. What type of memory retains
autobiographical information and
factual knowledge?
A) Declarative memory
B) Episodic memory
C) Procedural memory
D) Semantic memory

23. When listening to a speaker, you
store the information that you are
hearing in ________until you are
able to write it down.
A) Semantic
B) Sensory
C) Short term
D) storage

24. Participants in an ERA are briefly shown a
group of four letters to remember. They are then
asked to count backward by threes from 547.
What would you expect to happen?
A) Recall of the letters declines rapidly after
about 4 secs.
B) Recall of the letters declines rapidly after
about 20 secs
C) There is no forgetting because four is less
than the magic number 7 + 2
D) Since the numbers and letters come from
different categories, there is not retrograde
interference, hence no forgetting

25. Linden is presented with a word. His task
is now to come up with a word of opposite
meaning in the shortest possible time.
This experiment requires;
A) Episodic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Short-term memory

26. Jack makes a grocery list with ten
items listed. When he gets to the
store, he realises he forgot the list
and can only recall the first part of
the list. This is referred to as;
A) The recency effect
B) The primacy effect
C) The immediacy effect
D) The latency effect

27. Which of the following aspects of
working memory would be involved
in repeating a phone number in our
head until we could dial it?
A) The phonological loop
B) The visuo-spatial sketchpad
C) The central executive
D) Elaborative rehearsal

28. The concept of working memory
differs from the original concept
of short term memory in that;
A) Information within working memory can be
displaced due to interference, whereas short term
memories can be lost because of decay
B) Short term memory is a temporary storage
system, whereas working memory does not
actually store that data it is processing
C) Working memory includes a processing system
along with storage; short term memory just stores
information
D) Working memory flows from the sensory register
and is followed by short term memory

29. ________ involves the inability to
retrieve, recall, or recognise
information that is in long term
memory.
A) Displacement
B) Disuse
C) Forgetting
D) Interference

30. According to Freud, the process
whereby a person intentionally
tries to think about other things in
order to forget unpleasant
memories is called;
A) Psychogenic amnesia
B) Decay
C) Psychogenic interference
D) Suppression

31. According to the _______ theory of
forgetting, sensory impressions and
acquired knowledge of facts leave
memory traces that fade away with time
or lack of use.
A) Decay
B) Interference
C) Consolidation
D) Repression

32. Lachie is trying to remember the name of
a new girl he met the day before. He
knows her name begins with P but he is
unable to retrieve the name. His difficulty
is known as
A) State-dependent forgetting
B) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
C) Explicit memory failure
D) Consolidation failure

33. After you move house and are given a
new phone number, you find that you
have trouble remembering it because
your old phone number keeps getting in
the way. You are experiencing
A) Retrograde amnesia
B) Anterograde amnesia
C) Context-dependent memory
D) Proactive interference

34. It is suggested that study is followed by
_______ in order to minimise the effects
of interference on the retention of
information
A) Watching TV
B) Studying similar material
C) Studying different subject material
D) Rest

35. Ebbinghaus’ research into
forgetting suggests that
A) We forget at a steady rate
B) We forget slowly at first and then more
rapidly as time progresses
C) We forget rapidly at first and then more
slowly as time progresses
D) The method of relearning demonstrates
that we never really forget material that
we learn.

36. In one of your classes last week, you were introduced
to some material that was quite dry and boring. You
were determined to learn it and succeeded in doing
so but have not had the chance to revise it since.
How much material can you expect to have forgotten
an hour afterwards?
A) 20 %
B) 40%
C) 66%
D) around 50%

37. Which of the following is the
least sensitive measure of
memory retention?
A) Recognition
B) Recall
C) Relearning
D) Retrieval

38. Students who go to uni find it easier to
study a foreign language they learned in
secondary school. This illustrates
A) Recall
B) Relearning
C) Rehearsal
D) Recognition

39. A question in your psychology exam
requires you to describe the differences
between the different levels of memory.
This type of question uses which measure
of retention?
A) Recognition
B) Recall
C) Relearning
D) Retrieval

40. The mnemonic technique in
which an individual employs one
is a bun, two is a shoe... is called
the
A) Narrative chaining
B) Chunking
C) Acrostic
D) Peg word method

41. People sometimes use the phrase ‘my
very elegant mother just sits under new
potatoes’ to remember the names and
order of the planets. This is and example
of
A) An acrostic
B) Narrative chaining
C) Method of loci
D) An acronym

42. Sometimes witnesses are taken back to
the scene of the crime by the police
because they believe that witnesses will
have better recall due to
A) Context cues
B) Re-living the event
C) Mnemonic triggers
D) State-dependent cues