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Good Morning!
• Today, we will:
  – talk about cause and effect relationships
  – write cause and effect relationships for wave
    speed, wavelength, and frequency


• Please DO BEFORE THE BELL:
  – get your lab notebook
  – get out something to write with
Cause and Effect
Why did it happen?      What happened?
                         The soccer ball
 Jaime kicked            rolled across
 the soccer ball.        the field.

    Cause                       Effect
Cause and Effect
• Sometimes it’s easier to start with the effect
  because that’s what you see/hear/experience

Why did it happen?           What happened?
 Vincent stayed up
                                Vincent fell
 all night playing
 video games.                   asleep in class.

    Cause                             Effect
Cause and Effect
When wave speed was held constant…


 The wavelength of          The frequency
 the vibrating string       of the sound
 was shortened.             increased.

     Cause                        Effect
Cause and Effect
When wavelength was held constant…


                         The frequency
 The speed of the
                         of the sound
 wave decreased.
                         decreased.
Cause and Effect Relationships
• Using academic language, describe the cause
  and effect relationship between:

1.   frequency and wave speed when
     wavelength is constant

2.   frequency and wavelength when wave
     speed is constant
Mathematical Relationships
• The formula that relates wave
  speed, wavelength and frequency is:

                 • V= f x λ

• In the next few slides, we’ll look at some
  mathematical relationships between these
  variables.
V=f     x   λ
• If wavelength is held constant and frequency
  is doubled, what happens to wave speed
  (velocity)?
  – velocity doubles

• If increasing one variable causes another
  variable to increase by the same
  magnitude, that relationship is called a
  directly proportional relationship.
V=f       x   λ
• If wave speed is held constant and frequency
  is doubled, what happens to wavelength?
  – wavelength is halved


• If increasing one variable causes another
  variable to decrease by the inverse of the
  same magnitude, that relationship is called a
  inversely proportional relationship.
Mathematical Relationships
• Using mathematical reasoning and
  language, create a mathematical example that
  describes the cause and effect relationship
  between:


1.   frequency and wave speed when wavelength is
     constant

2.   frequency and wavelength when wave speed is
     constant

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Cause and effect relationship between wave speed frequency wavelength

  • 1. Good Morning! • Today, we will: – talk about cause and effect relationships – write cause and effect relationships for wave speed, wavelength, and frequency • Please DO BEFORE THE BELL: – get your lab notebook – get out something to write with
  • 2. Cause and Effect Why did it happen? What happened? The soccer ball Jaime kicked rolled across the soccer ball. the field. Cause Effect
  • 3. Cause and Effect • Sometimes it’s easier to start with the effect because that’s what you see/hear/experience Why did it happen? What happened? Vincent stayed up Vincent fell all night playing video games. asleep in class. Cause Effect
  • 4. Cause and Effect When wave speed was held constant… The wavelength of The frequency the vibrating string of the sound was shortened. increased. Cause Effect
  • 5. Cause and Effect When wavelength was held constant… The frequency The speed of the of the sound wave decreased. decreased.
  • 6. Cause and Effect Relationships • Using academic language, describe the cause and effect relationship between: 1. frequency and wave speed when wavelength is constant 2. frequency and wavelength when wave speed is constant
  • 7. Mathematical Relationships • The formula that relates wave speed, wavelength and frequency is: • V= f x λ • In the next few slides, we’ll look at some mathematical relationships between these variables.
  • 8. V=f x λ • If wavelength is held constant and frequency is doubled, what happens to wave speed (velocity)? – velocity doubles • If increasing one variable causes another variable to increase by the same magnitude, that relationship is called a directly proportional relationship.
  • 9. V=f x λ • If wave speed is held constant and frequency is doubled, what happens to wavelength? – wavelength is halved • If increasing one variable causes another variable to decrease by the inverse of the same magnitude, that relationship is called a inversely proportional relationship.
  • 10. Mathematical Relationships • Using mathematical reasoning and language, create a mathematical example that describes the cause and effect relationship between: 1. frequency and wave speed when wavelength is constant 2. frequency and wavelength when wave speed is constant

Notas do Editor

  1. After you click in the first animation, the sentence will seem to read, “When wave speed was held constant, the frequency of the sound increased.” While a sentence like that is written in perfectly good academic language, it seems to infer that holding the wave speed constant caused the frequency of the sound to increase. This is a great time to point this out to students and prompt them to think about whether or not holding wave speed constant is really a “cause” or if it is simply a condition.
  2. Notice with each progressive slide, less support in the graphic organizer s provided. This is an intentional effort to: 1) encourage students to use their notes 2) encourage students to think for themselves.
  3. Often, students need some help with “academic” language. As I teach ELA and special education 9th graders, I often give my students some choices to use when constructing an academic language sentence. In this cause and effect assignment, I would put words up on the board such as: because, because of, as a result, caused, led to, resulted in, if…then…, due to, etc.
  4. Younger students may be able to better grasp this concept if it is more general – replacing “doubled” with increased and calling it simply a direct relationship.
  5. Younger students may be able to better grasp this concept if it is more general – replacing “doubled” and “halved” with “increased” and “decreased” and calling it simply an inverse relationship.