This document discusses hernias, including the different types (inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional), their symptoms (bulge under skin, discomfort, pain with coughing/lifting), diagnosis (bulge containing fluid/intestine, size changes, palpable ring), and indications for surgery (correct strangulated hernia, eliminate pain interfering with activity). Potential complications of hernia surgery are discussed like chronic pain, infection, hemorrhage, ischemic orchitis, and 1-4% recurrence rate. Post-op care involves medication, avoiding straining/lifting, and physiotherapy.

1. Hernia

2. Types of Hernia
 Inguinal hernias
 Femoral Hernia
 Umbilical hernias
 Incisional hernias

3. Symptoms and Clinical Presentation
 Timbul benjolan di bawah kulit.
 Rasa tidak nyaman oleh karena gangguan di
organ yang terlibat.
 Nyeri pada benjolan saat batuk, mengangkat
beban berat, dan saat mengejan.
 Kebanyakan hilang timbul.

4. Diagnosis
 Terdapat kantong hernia berisi cairan atau sebagian
massa usus.
 Perubahan ukuran dengan rangsang batuk atau
mengejan.
 Teraba seperti cincin di muara keluarnya isi hernia
 Terdengar bising usus pada benjolan.
 USG, CT scan, MRI

5. Indications for Surgery
 Correct or prevent a dangerous strangulated hernia,
and ·
 Eliminate the pain that may be interfering with
normal activity
 In general, all hernias should be repaired unless
there are other conditions in the patient that preclude
a safe outcome. Trusses and surgical belts are
helpful in the management of small hernias when
surgery is contraindicated.

6. Complications
 Nyeri kronis setelah operasi.
 Infeksi
 Hemorrhage
 Ischemic orchitis due to thrombosis of the
spermatic cord and venous congestion
produces pain and swelling ·
 Rekurensi sekitar 1-4%

7. Penyembuhan
 Pemberian obat pasca operasi.
 Hindari pengejanan, angkat beban berat.
 fisiotherapi