Women's roles have changed significantly over the past century. Prior to 1900, most women were housewives, but World War I necessitated women taking jobs in factories while the men were away. This contributed to the growing women's suffrage movement, and after World War I many countries granted women the right to vote. Although some women gained employment in new fields like medicine and journalism in the 1920s, most returned to being housewives after World War II in western nations, while communist countries encouraged women's employment and expanded their rights.