3. An endocrine disorder; a group of metabolic
diseases characterised by elevated levels of
glucose in the blood resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, insulin
receptors or any combination of conditions.
OR EASILY PUT….OR EASILY PUT….
Cells are swimming in glucose (their food) but
starving to death because of insulin issues.
4. Type I: Destruction of beta cells->
decreased insulin production->uncontrolled
glucose production-> HYPERGLYCEMIA
Type II: Decreased sensitivity of insulin
receptor to insulin-> less uptake of glucose->
HYPERGLYCEMIA
REMEMBER the concept
~Sugar Into The Cells~
5. Other types include Secondary Diabetes:
› Genetic defect beta cell or insulin
› Disease of pancreas
› Drug/chemical induced
› Infections-pancreatitits
Gestational
› overweight; risk for
Type 2
Type 1 – IDDM
LITTLE to NO Insulin
20-30% Hereditary
Ketoacidosis
Type 2– NIDDM
some insulin produced
90% hereditary
6.
7.
8. Classic 3 P’s
Fatigue
Body Weakness
Weight Changes
Visual Changes
Slow Wound Healing/
Recurrent Skin infections
Laboratory Tests-> FBS/fasting
blood sugar >7.0 mmol/L
Family Hx diabetes
Race/Ethnicity
Age
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Hx of Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus
Other signs and symptoms of
diabetes complications
9. Chronic
MACROVASCULAR
Cardiovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease
MICROVASCULAR
Retinopathy (vision)
problems
Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Male erectile dysfunction
Acute
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperglycemic-
hyperosmolar-nonketotic
syndrome
Hypoglycemia from too
much insulin or too little
glucose
10. Diabetes can be managed or controlled by:
Educating patient about diabetes
Exercising regularly
Eating a healthy well balanced diet
Avoiding smoking (people with diabetes who smoke
are at a higher risk of developing
cardiovascular complications).
Avoid alcohol
Pharmacologic Therapy
Type One: Insulin Injections given
subcutaneously
Type Two: Oral Medication, such as Metformin
11.
12. Hot + Dry = Sugar High
Cold n Clammy= Need
Some Candy
DIET:
Goals of diet therapy
Principles of nutrition in diabetes
Protein, fats and carbohydrates, fiber, sweeteners, fat replacers
Alcohol
Food labeling
Exchange system, carbohydrate counting
Special considerations for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
EXERCISE
Purpose - controls blood glucose and lowers blood glucose
Purpose - reduce the amount of insulin needed
