GEF International Waters Focal Area (IWC5 Presentation)
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Alfred Duda, Global Environment Facility Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia during the opening plenary.
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GEF International Waters Focal Area (IWC5 Presentation)
- 1. GEF International Waters Focal AreaGEF International Waters Focal Area International Waters (IW)International Waters (IW) includes transboundary riverincludes transboundary river lake, and groundwaterlake, and groundwater basins; also oceans, coasts,basins; also oceans, coasts, Large Marine EcosystemsLarge Marine Ecosystems and connected river basinsand connected river basins
- 2. 1995 GEF Operational Strategy- International Waters • 2 Long-term Goals for the IW focal area: -Collective, multi-state management of transboundary water systems -Implementation of the full range of technical, economic, financial, regulatory, and institutional reforms and investments contributing to sustainable use of those transboundary waters
- 3. GEF International WatersGEF International Waters Portfolio of Approved ProjectsPortfolio of Approved Projects (FY 1992-2009)(FY 1992-2009) *182 Projects with 172 Collaborating Countries *$1.1 Billion in GEF Grants; $4.8 Billion in Co- financing
- 4. Emphasis for GEF 5 in IW will be Scaling Up On-the-Emphasis for GEF 5 in IW will be Scaling Up On-the- Ground Operations Continuing Current TrendGround Operations Continuing Current Trend
- 6. $500 million Scenario$500 million Scenario $660 million Scenario$660 million Scenario Draft GEF 5 International WatersDraft GEF 5 International Waters ObjectivesObjectives
- 8. Key Implications of Draft IW StrategyKey Implications of Draft IW Strategy • New IW projects to incorporate considerations of climatic variability and change • New freshwater basin projects to incorporate both surface water and groundwater in true spirit of IWRM & floods/droughts/floodplain management • New Coastal and LME projects to incorporate ICM & consider sea level rise/flooding/reefs/fisheries/ blue carbon/blue forests(mangroves, kelp, seagrass, marshes) • GEF IW projects will be more costly with capacity building and foundational work on aquifers, IWRM, ICM, climatic variability, & legal frameworks • Results at community scale, gender issues, and experience- sharing/ learning will be stressed
- 9. Figure 6: Global Observed TemperaturesFigure 6: Global Observed Temperatures Combined global land, air, and sea surface temperatures 1860 to August 1998 (relative to 1961–1990 average) Source: The U.K. Meteorological Office. 1997. Climate Change and Its Impacts: A Global Perspective.
- 10. Six Climate ThreatsSix Climate Threats Top 12 Countries Most at Risk from Each Climate Risks and Development: The “Poor Countries’ Danger” Drought Flood Storm Coastal 1m Coastal 5m Agriculture Malawi Bangladesh Philippines All low-lying Island States All low-lying Island States Sudan Ethiopia China Bangladesh Vietnam Netherlands Senegal Zimbabwe India Madagascar Egypt Japan Zimbabwe India Cambodia Vietnam Tunisia Bangladesh Mali Mozambique Mozambique Moldova Indonesia Philippines Zambia Niger Laos Mongolia Mauritania Egypt Morocco Mauritania Pakistan Haiti China Brazil Niger Eritrea Sri Lanka Samoa Mexico Venezuela India Sudan Thailand Tonga Myanmar Senegal Malawi Chad Vietnam China Bangladesh Fiji Algeria Kenya Benin Honduras Senegal Vietnam Ethiopia Iran Rwanda Fiji Libya Denmark Pakistan Middle IncomeLow Income High Income
- 11. It Will Get WorseIt Will Get Worse Potential Impact on Agriculture — Projected Percentage Change in Agricultural Productivity in 2080 Note: Scenario: SRES A2. Source: Cline 2007.
- 12. Mountain Water Systems Melting Creates Downstream Water Conflicts
- 13. Water Stress in Critical Regions will Increase Climate change can affect water availability & demand patterns andClimate change can affect water availability & demand patterns and aggravate water stress.aggravate water stress.
- 14. Percentage Change in Runoff by 2050Percentage Change in Runoff by 2050 • Many of the major “food-bowls” of the world are projected to become significantly drierMany of the major “food-bowls” of the world are projected to become significantly drier • Globally there will be more precipitationGlobally there will be more precipitation • Higher temperatures will tend to reduce run offHigher temperatures will tend to reduce run off • A few important areas drier (Mediterranean, southern South America, northern Brazil, westA few important areas drier (Mediterranean, southern South America, northern Brazil, west and south Africa)and south Africa)
- 16. Temperature Increases in EAST CHINA SEATemperature Increases in EAST CHINA SEA Large Marine EcosystemLarge Marine Ecosystem Mean Annual SST and Annual Anomalies of SST IW SAG 4/10/07 - 22
- 17. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 19681970197219741976197819801982198419861988199019921994 Year CPUE(CatchperHP) Large T raw l M edium T raw l Large Stow • Yellow Sea LME
- 18. Startling Estimates of Nitrogen Export to Coasts Now BeingStartling Estimates of Nitrogen Export to Coasts Now Being Refined in a GEF-supported Project- GEF/UNEP/IOC-UNESCORefined in a GEF-supported Project- GEF/UNEP/IOC-UNESCO
- 19. Global Decline in Fisheries-related Biodiversity inGlobal Decline in Fisheries-related Biodiversity in LMEsLMEs
- 20. Change in Catch Potential in 2030 (% relative toChange in Catch Potential in 2030 (% relative to 2005)2005) < (-50) (-31) – (-15) (-6) – 5 16 – 30 51 – 100
- 21. Protection of the North West Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) and related humid zones and ecosystems (UNEP/OSS) Formulation of an Action Programme for the Integrated Management of the Shared Nubian Aquifer (UNDP/IAEA) Developing Renewable Groundwater Resources in Arid Lands: a Pilot Case - the Eastern Desert of Egypt (UNDP) Managing Hydrogeological Risk in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (UNEP/OSS) Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into the Integrated Management of the Nile River Basin (UNDP/IAEA) Groundwater and Drought Management in the SADC region (World Bank) GEF Portfolio of Transboundary Groundwater Projects in AfricaGEF Portfolio of Transboundary Groundwater Projects in Africa
- 22. Climate Change Adaptation:Climate Change Adaptation: • GEF receives guidance from COP of UNFCCC • Supported further development of: – Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) – Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) – Strategic Priority for Adaptation (SPA) • Funding: provided $270m for adaptation through LDCF, SCCF, and SPA • GEFSEC Serves as Secretariat for Adaptation Fund Board (Kyoto Protocol)
- 23. GEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based ApproachGEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based Approach to Management of LMEs at Multiple Scalesto Management of LMEs at Multiple Scales • Across LMEs in Region (Alternatives to Shrimp Trawling-FAO & Oceanic Fisheries/Tuna UNDP/FFA/WCPFC) • Large Marine Ecosystem Scale ( South China Sea LME-UNEP) • Coastal Municipality/Provincial ICM scale (Da Nang, Vietnam - UNDP PEMSEA) • River Basin Linkage Scale (GPA Mekong River Basin/delta - World Bank) • Local Community-based Demo Sites (Phu Quoc Fish Refugia Vietnam- UNEP)
- 24. GEF IWLEARN.net is being updated Please read the draft GEF 5 IW Strategy Let us know your thoughts: what do your countries need to cope with climatic variability? What can your project do to help? How can GEF help you?
Notas do Editor
- The IW focal area is all about the large waterbodies of the world (read text)
- In the early days of GEF, there was a focus on foundational capacity building for states to work together. In recent years, this graph shows that GEF is moving to on-the-ground investments that generate much more co-financing and the emphasis for GEF 5 is scaling up of these investments.
- Document GEF/R.5/19/Rev.1 -- revised to deal with some formatting problems
- I know this consultation is about water and sanitation, but let us not forget that more than 80% of the water use globally goes to production of food. Colors show expected increase or decrease in agricultural productivity . The yellow to dark red shading indicates a decrease. Again the decrease is primarily in the developing part of the world. The tension between water for domestic use and water for agriculture use will increase as a result of climate change. ____________________________________ Colors show expected increase/decrease in agricultural productivity ( from light green to dark blue – increase; from yellow to dark red – decrease). Key message: while agricultural productivity in some countries (e.g., Canada, Russia, parts of the US and Europe) may benefit from climate change, the net impact is expected to be negative – and devastating for many Bank clients in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Carbon fertilization effect (mentioned in the title in the previous version; deleted because it does not add much value to the slide): it explains some of the positive impact of climate change on agriculture. Because plants absorb carbon dioxide (C02) from the air in their growth process, scientists have suggested that as CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere rise, plant growth will increase. This carbon fertilization effect has been demonstrated in laboratories. Recent open-air field experiments also indicate gains even if of a smaller magnitude.
- Climate change can effect both water availability and demand patterns for all uses of water, including water supply and sanitation. I have already shown you that supply will be affected through changes in runoff. Irrigation, domestic and industrial water demand may increase with temperature rise and increased variability in precipitation. These could lead to second order effects such as migration of people.
- Closer to our time and for the investments we are making today, the 2050 runoff projections which are the best indicator of trends in water availability and give us insight into the potential impacts on the water sector. What do they say to us? Many of the major “food-bowls” of the world are projected to become significantly drier. Many of the wettest, flood prone areas are projected to have even more run off. Finer resolution modelling suggest that this will occur in more concentrated rainfall event – hence greater flooding. What does this mean in reality? We already observe some of the impact. And we must prepare to deal with them effectively.