lecture material for nutrtiton class

1. MINERALS Trace minerals : Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, F, Se, I Major minerals : Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg, S Unlikely carbohydrate, protein and fat, minerals are not changed during digestion or when the body uses them The daily need 100mg

2. Minerals in the Body Grams of selected minerals in a kg man 70

3. Factors that affect BIOAVAILABILITY of minerals Phytate Oxalate Person’s need Fiber Acidity of intestinal environment Other minerals competing for absorption Factors that affect the bioavailability of minerals

4. Body structure : Ca, P, S Muscle, nerve : Na, K, Mg, Biologic Regulation : Fe, Se, I, Cr Enzymatic cofactor : Mg, Mn The major roles of minerals Fluid balance : Na, K, Cl Major Roles of Minerals

5. Bone matrix: osteoblast, osteoclast Ca Blood clotting : Ca is essential for formation of FIBRIN Nerve function : nerve transmission Muscle construction: The flow of Na and Ca is crucial for mechanical construction of muscle Cellular metabolism : CALMODULIN

6. Lower Blood Ca Raise Blood Ca Low Blood Ca Increase PTH secretion calcitriol formation Absorb more dietary Ca Retain Ca Move Ca from bone to bloodstream High Blood Ca Secrete calcitonin Decrease PTH secretion calcitriol formation Absorb less dietary Ca Excrete Ca Move Ca from bloodstream to bone Parathyroid Small intestine kidney Bone Regulating blood Ca level

7. Enzymes Cofactor or constituent Immune Function Brain function :brain growth myelin Oxygen transport : Hemoglobin Major function of IRON

8. Iron absorption Dietary Fe Ferritin protein stores Fe in the intestine cell Turn away Excess Fe Absorbed Fe is carried in the blood by the transferrin Tissues stores Fe or incorporate it in heme. Red blood cells contain Fe-rich Hb. Blood losses removes Fe from the body

9. To form myoglobin Dietary Fe Transferrin Muscle Tissue Liver Bone To make heme-enz. or to store iron in ferritin Primary storage site To form hemoglobin & RBC

10. Fertilization & reproduction Sexual maturation Hormone activity Protein metabolism Lipid metabolism Others Metabolism Zn Sexual Cell growth Cell differentiation Gene expression Cell Functions of Zn in the body Immune function

11. Drop in Blood pressure Kidney release RENIN Angiotesinogen AngiotesinⅠ Angiotesin Ⅰ AngiotesinⅡ Increase blood pressure Angiotensin Ⅱ is a powerful vasoconstrictor Angiotensin Ⅱ : aldosterone (adrenal) Kidney increase retention of salt and water Increase blood volume Increase blood pressure