3. Presented to:
Sir Dr.Khalil Ahmad
Presented By:
Mukhtiar Ahmed (26)
Attaullah
(20)
Irfan Ali
(29)
M.Naeem
(14)
Abdul Razzaq
(49)
4. Karl Marx: Class Conflict
Divides society into two classes
Either they own productive property
Or labour for others
5. Cont.……
Marx explained that Capitalist society reproduces the
class structure in each new generation.
This happens as families gain wealth and passes it
down from generation to generation.
But, he predicted, Oppression and misery would
eventually drive the working majority to come together
to overthrow capitalism in favour of socialist system
that would end class differences
6. Criticism on Karl Marx’s Views
Denies a central idea of Davis-Moore thesis
that a system of unequal rewards is necessary
to place talented people in the right job and
to motivate them to work hard
Marx separated reward from Performance.
9. Why No Marxist Revolution?
While Marx predicted the inevitability of the
proletarian revolution in capitalist societies, we find
that this has not been the case. A number of factors
can account for the absence of the revolution
predicted by Marx.
10. These factors are:
The fragmentation of the capitalist class: -
Property is not held by single families, but by a
number of shareholders. These families have an
interest in preserving the capitalist system.
A higher standard of living: - Structural mobility has
contributed to the improvement of living standards
through the creation of a large number of white-collar
occupations.
11. Contd…..
More extensive worker organisation: - The
demands of workers have been institutionalised
through the creation of trade unions. Collective
bargaining transforms workers' frustrations and
channels them into demands that do not disrupt the
system.
More extensive legal protection: - Better conditions
of work through law enforcement and security systems
contain workers' frustrations.
12. Weber's View of Stratification
Max Weber formed a three-component theory of
stratification in which social difference is determined
by class, status, and power.
Class is a person's economic position, based on birth
and individual achievement.
Status is one's social prestige or honor, which may or
may not be influenced by class.
Power is one's ability to get one's way despite the
resistance of others.
13. Contd…..
Example:
According to Weberian theory, a member of the United
States Congress is an example of someone who is high in
the social hierarchy due to status and power, although
they have relatively low economic status.
15. Analysis Of Different Theories
There are three approaches to Social Stratification.
StructuralFunctional Approach
Social-Conflict
Approach
Symbolic-Interaction
Approach
16. What is the level of analysis?
StructuralFunctional
Approach
SocialConflict
Approach
Macro-Level Macro-Level
SymbolicInteraction
Approach
Micro-Level
17. What is social stratification?
StructuralFunctional
Approach
A system of
unequal
rewards.
Benefits the
whole
society.
SocialConflict
Approach
A division of
society's
resources.
Benefits some
people and
harm others
SymbolicInteraction
Approach
A factor that
guides people’s
interaction in
everyday life
18. What is the reason for our social
position?
StructuralFunctional
Approach
Social position
reflects personal
talents and
abilities in a
competitive
economy.
SocialConflict
Approach
SymbolicInteraction
Approach
Social position
reflects the
way society
divides
resources.
The products
we consume all
say something
about social
position.
19. Are unequal rewards fair?
StructuralFunctional
Approach
Yes, Unequal
rewards are fair.
They boost
economic
production.
Linking greater
rewards to more
important work is
widely accepted.
SocialConflict
Approach
SymbolicInteraction
Approach
No, Unequal rewards
only serve to divide
society.
There is widespread
opposition to social
inequality.
Maybe, People may or
may not define
inequality as fair.
People may view their
social position as a
measure of selfworth.
20. Conclusion
By concluding the words we can see that different
people presented different theories about stratification
and conflict.
Karl Marx and Max Weber say that social stratification
is not functional for society and some others are not
agree with them.
It means where there is social stratification, there is a
conflict.
