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SSH4A presentation at 3rd Asia San&Hyg workshop
1. Sanitation and Hygiene in Asia Practitioners 'Workshop, Rajendrapur , 31 Jan - 3 Feb 2012
Supporting local government in 5 Asian countries
on sustainable sanitation & hygiene for all
Methodology for Performance Monitoring
Christine Sijbesma on behalf
of the whole SSH4A team
1
2. Contents
Bhutan
The SSH4A project
Nepal
Performance Monitoring Vietnam
Framework Laos
Some preliminary results
Methodological lessons
Cambodia
3. SSH4A project
2 year project to support local governments to
provide Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All
5 Asian countries: Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao
PDR, Nepal, Vietnam
Cooperation National and Local Gvts, SNV WASH Asia
and IRC Asia Region
Financial support Civic Society Fund, AusAid and DGIS
core funding for SNV and IRC knowledge centres
4. Goal, targets, strategy
In brief:
Support local governments within their own frameworks to
improve rural sanitation & hygiene through a holistic approach
Enhanced access of 122,000 rural people and 120 schools to
sanitation and hygiene
Duration in countries: June 2010 to Dec 2011 (18 months)
Learning approach: learn by doing, monitoring and from each
other
Focus on equity, sustainability and faster progress at scale
6. Performance Monitoring Framework
5 common performance indicators in Civic Society
WASH Fund:
# additional people with access to safe water (not in SSH4A)
# additional people with access to basic sanitation
# additional locations with hand washing facilities and soap
# additional schools with water sanitation & hand washing facilities
# additional water and sanitation service providers monitored
independently
7. Qualitative Information System (QIS)
Developed by IRC and WSP for World Bank as participatory
gender and poverty sensitive project evaluation.
Specific objective to quantify qualitative data on quality of
services, participation of women and the
poor, sustainability, empowerment, etc.
Gradually developed into a participatory monitoring
methodology at scale.
Used in India, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan, Cambodia, Kenya, South
Africa, Colombia, Peru, etc.
8. Quantified qualitative indicators
Progress towards/in:
Sanitary toilets in HHs and schools
# toilets used in an increasingly hygienic way in HHs & schools
# HHs & schools with increasingly adequate facilities for
handwashing with soap
# Local sanitation enterprises (already numerical)
Degree of female involvement in sanitation enterprises
Level and quality of sanitation services
Existence & quality of localized Behaviour Change
Communication (BCC) program at relevant admin. level(s)
9. Quantified qualitative indicators
Progress in governance:
Multi-stakeholder cooperation in sector
Pro-poor support mechanisms for sanitation
Degree of influence of women/ excluded groups/ very poor
Capacity of government and NGOs to facilitate quality CLTS at
community level & monitor & manage progress
Learning and Sharing: numerical, qualitative (no. & type of
presentations, workshops, meetings, gender of participants, etc. )
11. Observations Cambodia (pilot 2 prov., 6 villages) Baseline Mid term
0 No toilet/ open defecation 14% 7%
1 Toilet but human faeces are not contained and are
accessible for human contact and contact by other animals 59% 7%
(=unimproved toilet)
2 Benchmark: Toilet + human faeces contained + inaccessible
for human contact and contact by other animals (= 14% 24%
improved sanitation) (pit and slab)
3 Toilet + human faeces contained in such a way that it is
inaccessible for human contact and contact by other
7% 15%
animals + no flies or rodents going in and out.
4 Toilet + human faeces contained in such a way that it is
inaccessible for human contact and contact by other
animals + no flies or rodents going in and out + human
faeces are contained in such a way that it cannot 6% 48%
contaminate surface- or ground-water.
12. Measuring equity on gender
Observation & reporting for 2 meetings: community and WASH Score
committee
No participation of women in meetings 0
Females attend the meetings, but do not speak 1
Females attend + speak, but not listened to 2
Females attend + speak + listened to, but do not influence decisions 3
Females attend + speak + listened to + influence decisions 4
Reasons for score:
In same way: equity for poor and gender in SMEs
Intended action:
13. Beyond MDG and JMP: total progress for toilet access and use
Aggregated data from 4 of 5 countries
Source: A. Kome, SNV
16. Pitfalls
Cannot be developed behind desk
Scales are programme and culture specific
Should measure outcomes, not inputs or outputs
Steps must be incremental; no gaps, no overlaps
No 2 or 3 combined options in one step
Avoid undefined concepts and subjective terms, e.g. ‘clean’
17. Pitfalls (2)
Proper sampling methods and size required for
representative data
Scales themselves must be pre-tested and piloted in the field
Reasons for scores are crucial for analysis
Is extractive without local discussions & use for action
If designed and used without expertise, data can be spurious
18. On-going progress, next steps
Integration into national programs:
Bhutan scaled up from 4 sub-districts to 1 and now 2 full districts
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal : scaled up to one of 5 regions
Vietnam: third province started
Other ESAs come in to support at country level
For near future aim for programmatic approach with multiple ESAs
Methodological review done to enhance rigor of monitoring method
and data (available c. February 2012
19. More information, documents, photo story women
masons etc. e:
Sustainable sanitation and hygiene for all
http://www.irc.nl/page/57188