By Rolf Luyendijk, UNICEF-New York and Didier Allély-Fermé, WHO-Geneva WHO/UNICEF JMP. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9-11 April 2013.

1. Next generation of global approaches
to WASH monitoring
Rolf Luyendijk,
UNICEF-New York
&
Didier Allély-Fermé
WHO-Geneva
WHO/UNICEF JMP
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013 Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013

2. Overview
• Monitoring principles
• Some criteria for next generation of global monitoring
• JMP lessons learned from inter-country monitoring
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 2
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
2

3. Monitoring challenges
principles
• Monitoring is a means to an end
Action: Accountability, Tracking, Planning/Priority setting,
Assessment/Learning, Advocacy
• Define monitoring purpose first
Identify Audience and Actions
• Focus: Limit the information to collect
Apply ‘need to know’ vs. ‘nice to know’ criteria
• Every indicator has a cost
Cost of debating, harmonizing, collecting, analyzing, etc.
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 3
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
3

4. JMP monitoring challenge
Purpose and Audience
• Purpose: Tracking/Accountability + Advocacy
• Audience: Global and High Level National Policymakers +
WASH sector specialists
• Data sources: National Censuses, Household Surveys
• Analyses:
– National, Regional, Global, Urban/Rural trends in access
– occasional ‘interesting’ analyses for advocacy
• Strength or weakness? : Focus
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 4
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
4

5. JMP example of ad hoc analysis
Ethiopia drinking water trends by wealth quintiles
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 5
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
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6. How much monitoring is needed at which
level?
Global
Regional
Regional
National
National
Programme monitoring
Programme monitoring
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
6
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
6

7. Determines what needs to be aggregated
and harmonized
Global
Regional
Regional
National
National
Programme monitoring
Programme monitoring
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
7
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
7

8. Some criteria for next generation of global
approaches to monitoring
• Relevant for Global or Regional Action to trigger
National Action
• Buy-in and national ownership for accountability
• Accurate, independently verifiable, transparent
• Human Rights- based
– Widely applicable (not only to the Global South)
• Monitoring ≠ Reporting – What’s in it for me?
• Frequency (susceptibility to change)
• Not all countries need to report to make a case
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 8
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
8

9. Example of global accountability
monitoring
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 9
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
9

10. Post-2015 global approaches
to monitoring
Summary proposed post-2015 WASH targets:
1.Everyone has water, sanitation and hygiene at home;
2.All schools and health centers have water, sanitation and
hygiene;
•No one practices open defecation;
1.Inequalities in sustainable access to water, sanitation and
hygiene are eliminated or reduced
2.The excreta from at least half of the improved facilities is
safely managed
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 10
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
10

11. Post-2015 global approaches
to monitoring
• Monitoring as basis for an accountability framework
• Use of household surveys for monitoring access is
inherently Rights-Based
• Explore multiple information sources for triangulation
• E.g. Citizen reporting, social audits, national
inventory, regulator data etc.
• Evidence from studies/research needs to be given more
prominence in global reports
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
AMCOW Meeting Addis Ababa, 7/8 April 2013 11
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
11

12. JMP Lessons Learned from inter-country
monitoring
• National harmonization of data collection mechanisms,
definitions and indicators
– NSO + line-Ministries + service providers
– Full disaggregation of data + alignment
• Representativeness of the data
– National data vs. Accountability data from line-Ministries
– Population-based vs. service provider data
• Reliability of the data
– Transparency/replicability of collection mechanisms and
assumptions
• Comparability over time for trend analysis
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
12
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
12

13. Example of alignment
and data reconciliation (Burkina Faso)
Type de point d’eau Points d’eau
(X = Point d’eau amélioré)
(base ENA 2010)
Politique
JMP
Nationale
Urbain Rural All areas
Robinet intérieur propre (branchement domestique
X X X
individuel)
Robinet intérieur partagé (branchement domestique
X X
partagé)
Robinet dans une autre cour (robinet du voisin hors la
X X
concession)
Borne fontaine X X X
Forage (équipé d’une pompe à motricité humaine) X X
Puits modernes (puits protégé) X X
Puits traditionnels (puits non protégé)
barrage/rivière (eau de surface)
Autres, à préciser
Additional criteria : Within 1 kilometer
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
13
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
13

14. Example of alignment
and data reconciliation (Burkina Faso)
Eau : Estimations Rural Eau : Estimations Rural
Méthode JMP Méthode corrigée
(Données 2010) (Données 2010)
Additional criteria : Time to source within 30 minutes
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
14
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
14

15. Example of alignment
and data reconciliation (Burkina Faso)
JMP method JMP data Country
National policy estimates
Urban 95% 80% 84%
Additional Exclusion of :
•boreholes,
criteria •protected wells,
•protected springs,
•tap from neighbor outside yard
Rural 73% 59% 63%
Additional Tim e do source < 30’ Within 1 km
criteria
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
15
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
15

16. JMP Lessons Learned from inter-country
monitoring
• Inter-country comparison is implicit and difficult to make
explicit – without national buy-in
• We present facts – but don’t pass judgment
• National buy-in and ownership present more
opportunities for action and accountability
• Technical Advisory Groups and Task Forces are crucial to
maintaining quality and independence (data police?)
• Short focused compelling reports and graphs are
effective in reaching audiences and triggering action
IRC Symposium Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery,
Post-2015 Them atic Consultations on Water, Monrovia, Liberia 29-30 January
2013
16
Addis Ababa, 9-11 April 2013
16