1. Feasibility of ECS accommodation/ Parking
in Residential Plots of varying sizes.
M/s UTTIPEC, DDA
1

2. Objectives
• To test the feasibility of accommodating the
required ECS within stilts for all plots > 50sqm
as per National Building Code and other
architectural standards with reference to
Master Plan Delhi-2021 norms.
• To achieve ‘eyes on streets’ through design by
ensuring active (building) frontages along
streets in addition to stilt parking, for safety
and improved urban form.
2

3. Stilts – a parking solution but a threat to public safety on streets
• Streets remain unwatched
• Street level activity reduces manifold
• Sense of safety compromised.
3

4. National Building Code: Norms
Part-3: Development Control Rules & General Building Requirements,
•
Clause 9.6.3.3; One car parking space for every two flats up to 90 sqm floor area
and one for every flat for 100 sqm or more shall be provided.
•
Clause 9.6.4 With a view to providing adequate parking for occupancies and the
vehicular load, appropriate off-street parking provisions have to be made in the
building/on-site.
•
Clause 10.3; Each off-street parking space provided for vehicles shall be as follows:
a)
b)
•
For car, the minimum parking space to be 3m x 6m when individual parking space is
required and 2.75 m x 5 m when common parking space is required.
Space for scooter/two wheeler and bicycle to be not less than 1.25 sqm and 1.00 sqm
respectively.
12.2.1 Height: The height of all rooms for human habitation shall not be less than
2.75 m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point of the ceiling
(bottom of slab).
4

5. National Building Code: Norms
Part-3: Development Control Rules & General Building Requirements,
•
12.2.2 Size : The area of habitable room shall not be less than 9.5 sqm, where
there is only one room with a minimum width of 2.4 m. Where there are two
rooms, one of these shall not be less than 9.5 sqm and the other not less than 7.5
sqm, with a minimum width of 2.1 m.
Part-3 Clause 9.4.1. (Note- 3); &
Part-4 : Fire & Lift Safety, Clause 3.4.5 (Note: 4a)
•
The FAR specified maybe increased by 20 percent for the following:
– A basement or cellar and space under a building constructed on stilts and used as a
parking space, and air-conditioning plant room used as accessory to the principal use.
5

6. Master Plan Delhi-2021: Norms
As per Part-2, Chapter-3, Clause: 4.4.3 CONTROL FOR BUILDING/BUILDINGS WITHIN
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
A. Residential Plot-Plotted Housing
6

7. MPD-21, Chapter-2, Clause: 4.4.3 CONTROL FOR BUILDING/BUILDINGS WITHIN
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
A.Residential Plot-Plotted Housing
Terms and Conditions ;
(vi) Basement area shall not extend beyond the coverage on the ground floor as per
permissible and sanctioned built-up area, but may extend below the internal courtyard
and shaft. (The study assumes that the basement extends up to the Set back line on all
sides)
(vii) Stilts: If the building is constructed with stilt area of non-habitable height (less than
2.4m), used for parking, such stilt area shall not be included in FAR but would be
counted towards the height of the building.
(viii) Parking space shall be provided for within the residential plot as follows:
a)2 Equivalent Car Space (ECS) in plots of size 250-300 sq.m.
b)1 ECS for every 100 sqm built-up area, in plots exceeding 300 sqm.
7

8. MPD-21, Chapter-2, Clause: 4.4.3 CONTROL FOR BUILDING/BUILDINGS WITHIN
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
(x) The minimum setbacks shall be as given in the following table :
Thus, Calculation of total permissible ECS for various plots sizes is as follows:
Set Backs
Plot size
(sqm) Front
50
75
160
300
500
750
1000
Rear
0
0
3
3
3
6
6
Side (1) Side (2)
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
FAR
350
350
300
225
225
225
150
Permissible
Permissible ECS
D.U.s
(as/MPD-21)
(as/MPD-21)
3.5
3
3.5
4
3
4
2.3
6
2
2.3
6
11
2.3
6
16
1.5
9
15
Built-up Permissible
area No. of Floors
175
263
480
675
1125
1688
1500
8

9. THUS…
General parameters for Stilt/Basement Parking
1. Parking provision for all permissible dwelling units [as per MPD-2021 (Part-2, Chapter3, clause 4.4.3)] in plots less than or equal to 250 sqm has been calculated as per
NBC (Part-3, clause 9.6.3.3) since MPD-2021 does not specify parking requirement for
smaller plots.
2. Stilt parking is maintained within the building line, i.e. ground coverage in addition to
spaces beneath shafts, internal courtyards and balcony projections.
3. Since parking in stilts is not enclosed, therefore single entry/exit for vehicles could be
provided (as per observation from NBC).
4. Stilt parking size: minimum of 5 M x 3 M (ref. NBC).
5. Basement parking bay (min.) should be 5 M x 2.5 M
6. Vehicular aisle width = 6.1 M (min.) when its doubly loaded at 90 degree (ref. NBC &
Neuferts), and vehicular aisle width = 4M (min.) when its singly loaded.
7. Internal turning radius = minimum 3m (ref. Neuferts).
8. To meet the ECS requirement, driveway has been provided within set-back area.
9. Ramp to stilts to be no be steeper than 1:8 as per Times Savers Standards.
10. Minimum ramp width is 3 M as per Neufert’s Parking standards.
11. Minimum ramp gradient should not exceed 15%, which is 1:8 slope, as per Neufert’s
Parking standards.
9

10. Basement Parking : Design Solutions for Varying Plot
Sizes
10

11. Test Case
1.
Three Plot Sizes were selected for testing the feasibility of basement
parking:


750 SQM

2.
500 SQM
1000 SQM
Plot dimensions for the 3 above listed plot sizes were based on
existing plots in Delhi as far as possible.
3.
Plots < 500 SQM were not tested in detail as initial studies revealed
that Basement Parking was not feasible in such cases

12. Plot Size = 500 sqm
Assumptions & standards
• Min. Ramp width = 3.0 M
• Max. Ramp gradient =1:8
• Min. Turning radius = 5.78M
• Min. Clear zone for parking = 6.0M
• Min. Parking bay = 5.0 M x 2.5 M
• Entry/exit to Parking ramp to be located
within the building envelop line.
ECS requirement not met within Basement
Set Backs
Plot size
(sqm) Front
500
Rear
3
Side (1) Side (2)
3
3
0
FAR
225
Achieved
Built-up Permissi ECS (in
area
ble ECS Basemen
t)
1125
11
6

13. Plot Size = 750 sqm
Assumptions & standards
• Min. Ramp width = 3.0 M
• Max. Ramp gradient =1:8
• Min. Turning radius = 5.78M
• Min. Clear zone for parking = 6.0M
• Min. Parking bay = 5.0 M x 2.5 M
• Entry/exit to Parking ramp to be located within
the building envelop line.
ECS requirement not met within Basement
Set Backs
Plot size
(sqm) Front
750
Rear
6
Side (1) Side (2)
3
3
3
FAR
225
Achieve
d ECS
Built-up Permissi
(in
area
ble ECS
Baseme
nt)
1687.5
16
8

14. Plot Size = 1000 sqm
Assumptions & standards
• Min. Ramp width = 3.0 M
• Max. Ramp gradient =1:8
• Min. Turning radius = 5.78M
• Min. Clear zone for parking = 6.0M
• Min. Parking bay = 5.0 M x 2.5 M (end-on parking)
• Min. Parking bay = 6.0 M x 2.5 M (parallel)
• Entry/exit to Parking ramp to be located within the
building envelop line.
1.
2.
ECS requirement met (through Basement +
Surface level Parking)
2 of 15 ECS to be located on-plot at surface level
Set Backs
Plot size
(sqm) Front
1000
Rear
6
Side (1) Side (2)
3
3
3
FAR
150
Achieve
d ECS
Built-up Permissi
(in
area
ble ECS
Baseme
nt)
1500
15
13

15. Summary of findings
1. Basement parking is not feasible in plots < 1000 SQM
2. In case of a 1000 SQM plot, ECS requirement is met only when limited (2 of 15
ECS) on-plot surface parking is provided in addition to basement parking
3. Basement Parking is not feasible in any Plot with frontage length less than 14.0M

16. Stilt Parking : Design Solutions for Varying Plot Sizes
16

17. Typology for Smaller Plots (Plots < 250 sqm)
17

18. Plot Size = 50 sqm
• Stilt parking is permissible only for
• No ECS is mentioned as per Master
Plan
Delhi-2021.
Building
Code,
Thus
Part-3,
National
Clause
9.6.3.3, 1 ECS is permissible subject to
Street Section
plots with access road =/ > 6M
the area under stilts being counted
• Minimum
habitable
space of 9.5 sqm as per
NBC is mandatory for
plots having frontage of
8M or above.
Street Form
with Frontage
against FAR
18

19. Plot Size = 75 sqm
Street Section
Street Form with
Frontage
Case 2
Case 1
• 1 ECS is permissible as per NBC. For having 2 ECS, complete
stilt parking will be counted in FAR (as in Case 2).
• Minimum habitable space as per NBC is mandatory for plots
having frontage of 8M or above (as in Case 1).
19

20. •
•
•
No
ECS
is
mentioned as per
MPD-21,
thus
referring to NBC, 2
ECS is permissible.
Stilt parking could
be exempted from
FAR, subject to stilt
height of 2.4 M
maximum as per
Master Plan Delhi2021.
Minimum habitable
space of 9.5 sqm as
per
NBC
is
mandatory
for
plots
having
frontage of 8M or
above.
Parking
is
not
permissible in setback area.
Street Form with Frontage
•
Street Section
Plot Size = 104 sqm
20

21. Plot Size = 160 sqm
Street Section
•
•
No ECS is mentioned as per MPD-21, thus referring to NBC, ECS requirement has been calculated
as 2.7 which is rounded off to 3 ECS.
Minimum habitable space as per NBC is mandatory for plots having frontage of 8M or above.
Parking is not permissible in set-back area.
Street Form
with Frontage
•
21

22. Plot Size = 200 sqm
Street Section
Street Form
• No ECS is mentioned as per MPD-21, thus referring to NBC,
ECS requirement has been calculated as 3.3 which is
rounded off to 3 ECS.
• Minimum habitable space as per NBC is mandatory for
plots having frontage of 8M or above.
• Parking is not permissible in set-back area.
22

23. Typology Option # 1: Ramp down to parking
(for Plots > 250 sqm)
Lvl + 1.05m
Lvl – 1.4m
Lvl + 0.45m
Lvl + 00m
Allows for connected habitable spaces at ground level
23

24. Typology Option # 2: Ramp up for parking
(for Plots > 250 sqm)
Lvl +3.3m
Lvl +2.4m
Lvl +1.2m
Lvl + 00m
Allows for basement and permits light/ ventilation to the same
24

25. Plot Size = 250 sqm
Street Form with Frontage
Street Section
• 2 ECS is permissible as per MPD-2021, whereas 4.2 (rounding off to 4) ECS is permissible as
per NBC. Additionally, the proposed design solution can accommodate 4 ECS in stilts
without consumption of FAR.
• Min. habitable space of 9.5 sqm as per NBC is mandatory for plots having frontage of 8M
or above.
• Parking is not permissible in set-back area.
25

26. Plot Size = 300 sqm
Street Form
Street Section
• 2 ECS is permissible as per MPD-2021, whereas 3.8 (rounding
off to 4) ECS is permissible as per NBC. Additionally,
proposed design solution can accommodate 4 ECS in stilts
without consumption of FAR.
• Minimum habitable space of 9.5 sqm as per NBC is
mandatory for plots having frontage of 8M or above.
• Boundary wall to have (min.) 50% visibility along the access
street as per the UTTIPEC Street Design Guidelines to ensure
overlooking.
• Parking is not permissible in set-back area.
• Min. 30% of front set back to be soft green.
26

27. Plot Size = 500 sqm
• 11 ECS is
permissible as
per MPD-2021,
whereas 6.3
(rounding off to
6) ECS is
permissible as
per NBC.
Proposed design
solution
accommodates
maximum ECS
requirement of
11 without
consumption of
FAR.
• Parking is not
permissible in
front set-back
area.
Case 1
Case 2
27

28. Plot Size = 500 sqm
Street Form with Frontage
1.2
Street Section
• Minimum habitable space as per NBC is mandatory for plots having frontage of 8M or
above.
• Atleast 50% of building frontage to be designed as a habitable space.
• Boundary wall to have (min.) 50% visibility along the access street as per UTTIPEC Street
Design Guidelines.
• Min. 30% of front set back shall be soft green.
28

29. Plot Size = 750 sqm
• 16
ECS
is
permissible as per
MPD-2021,
whereas 9.4 ECS is
permissible as per
NBC.
The
proposed design
solution
accommodates
the maximum ECS
of 16 without
consumption of
FAR
with
11
parking spaces in
stilts and 5 in setbacks.
• Min. 30% of front
set-back to be
under soft green.
Case 1
Case 2
29

30. Plot Size = 750 sqm
Street Form with Frontage
Street Section
• 50 % of the building frontage to be designed as a habitable space.
• Front plot boundary to have (min.) 50% visibility along the access street as per UTTIPEC
Street Design Guidelines.
30

31. Plot Size = 1001 sqm
• 15 ECS is permissible as per MPD2021, whereas 8.3 ECS is
permissible as per NBC. The
proposed
design
solution
accommodates the maximum ECS of
17 (2 > permissible) with 14 parking
spaces in stilts and 3 in set-back
area.
Permissible ECS =15
Achieved ECS = 14+3
• Min. 75% of front set-back to be
under soft green.
• No portion of building frontage to
be used for parking.
• Front plot boundary wall to have
(min.) 50% visibility along the street
as per UTTIPEC Street Design
Guidelines.
31

32. Plot Size = 1001 sqm
• Stilts are allowed only on plots abutting access road width of 6M and above.
• Maximum plinth level for any plot having stilts shall not exceed 1.4 M.
• Higher plinth of stilts provides for the natural ventilation of basement (if built).
Street Section
Street Form with Frontage
32

33. Stilt Parking : Conclusions & Recommendations
33

34. Recommendation: Permissible ECS
Plot size
bifurcation
50-100
Plot size
(sqm)
50
FAR
350
Permissible ECS
Built-up Permissible D.U.s Permissible ECS
Design
(1 ECS/2 D.U.s of
area
(as/MPD-21)
(as/MPD-21)
Solution
90 sqm each)*
175
3
1
Proposed
Maximum
ECS
1
1
75
Above 100-150
Above 150below 250
350
263
4
1.5
1
104
350
364
4
2.0
2
160
300
480
4
2.7
3
3
200
250-300
2
300
600
4
250
300
750
4
3.3
2
3
4.2
4
4
300
Above 300below 1000
225
675
6
2
3.8
4
500
225
1125
6
11
6.3
11
As/ MPD-21
750
1000 & above
225
1688
6
16.88
9.4
16
1000
150
1500
9
15
8.3
17 As/ MPD-21
*As per National Building Code, Part-3, Clause 9.6.3.3
34

35. Recommendation: Design norms
Plot size
bifurcation
50-100
Above 100-150
Above 150below 250
250-300
Above 300below 1000
1000 & above
Plot Proposed
size Maximum
(sqm)
ECS FAR
Mandatory Conditions
Front Set-Back
Building frontage Plot frontage
Boundary Wall
One extra ECS is 30% shall be soft As per design
Plots with
permissible
green; Parking not
frontage = to >
1
N.A.
subject to area permissible.
8M to have
75
of stilt parking
some habitable
being counted
space
50% of frontage
Boundary wall
104
2
against FAR
may constitute stilt (as/NBC)**
shall be
abutting the
parking
perforated with
160
front set-back a minimum of
3
or access street 50% visibility
200
(as applicable). along access
street, to
250
comply with
4
UTTIPEC’s
300
Street Design
Guidelines.
30% shall be soft
500
green; Parking
As/ MPDN.A.
permissible in set21
750
backs > 6 M
Stilt parking shall
As/ MPD75% shall be soft
1000
not form building
21
green
frontage
50
35

36. Recommendation: Design norms
•
•
Stilts are allowed only on plots along access road of 6M and above.
Maximum plinth level for any plot with stilts shall not exceed 1.4 M.
Recommendations
•
Higher plinth of stilts provides for natural ventilation of basement (if built).
•
Stilt parking must have driveway for plots above 250 sqm, where driveway could be
taken into set-back.
36

37. Thus….
Objectives fulfilled!
• ECS proposed for smaller plots with reference to NBC.
• ECS requirement met in stilts with reference to MPD-2021.
• Creation of safe streets with active frontages.
37

38. Thank You!
38