Android primer

Compiled by intellisense ITsys Pvt Ltd
Dr Kalpesh Parikh, Director

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating
system, middleware and key applications
What is Android

Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components
Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the
OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)
SQLite for structured data storage
Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC,
AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)
Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging,
memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE
Android Features

Android OS-Architecture

Android will ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS
program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are
written using the Java programming language.
Applications

By providing an open development platform, Android offers developers the ability to build
extremely rich and innovative applications. Developers are free to take advantage of the device
hardware, access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to
the status bar, and much, much more.
Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications. The
application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of components; any application can
publish its capabilities and any other application may then make use of those capabilities
(subject to security constraints enforced by the framework). This same mechanism allows
components to be replaced by the user.
Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including:
A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an application, including lists, grids,
text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser
Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as
Contacts), or to share their own data
A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings,
graphics, and layout files
A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status bar
An Activity Manager that manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a common
navigation backstack
Application Framework

System C library - a BSD-derived implementation of the standard C system library
(libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices
Media Libraries - based on PacketVideo's OpenCORE; the libraries support
playback and recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as static
image files, including MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG
Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem and seamlessly
composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications
LibWebCore - a modern web browser engine which powers both the Android
browser and an embeddable web view
SGL - the underlying 2D graphics engine
3D libraries - an implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs; the libraries use
either hardware 3D acceleration (where available) or the included, highly optimized
3D software rasterizer
FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering
SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all
applications
Core Libraries

•Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality
available in the core libraries of the Java programming language.
•Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik
virtual machine.
•Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently.
•The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is
optimized for minimal memory footprint.
•The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler
that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.
•The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such as
threading and low-level memory management.
•Linux Kernel
Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security,
memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The
kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the
software stack.
Android Runtime

http://developer.android.com/guide
/tutorials/hello-world.html
Process Life Cycle

BASIC Terminologies
.apk file
Android application package file.
.dex file
Compiled Android application code file.
Action
A description of something that an Intent sender wants done. An action is a string
value assigned to an Intent.
Activity
A single screen in an application, with supporting Java code, derived from the Activity
class. Most commonly, an activity is visibly represented by a full screen window that
can receive and handle UI events and perform complex tasks, because of the
Window it uses to render its window. Though an Activity is typically full screen, it can
also be floating or transparent.
adb
Android Debug Bridge

Application
An Android application consists of one or more activities, services, listeners, and
intent receivers.
Canvas
A drawing surface that handles compositing of the actual bits against a Bitmap or
Surface object.
Content Provider
A data-abstraction layer that you can use to safely expose your application's data
to other applications.
Dalvik
The Android platform's virtual machine. The Dalvik VM is an interpreter-only virtual
machine that executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
DDMS
Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
Dialog
A floating window that that acts as a lightweight form.
BASIC Terminologies

Drawable
A compiled visual resource that can be used as a background, title, or other part
of the screen
Intent
An message object that you can use to launch or communicate with other
applications/activities asynchronously.
Intent Filter
A filter object that an application declares in its manifest file, to tell the system
what types of Intents each of its components is willing to accept and with what
criteria.
Broadcast Receiver
An application class that listens for Intents that are broadcast, rather than being
sent to a single target application/activity.
Layout Resource
An XML file that describes the layout of an Activity screen.
BASIC Terminologies

Manifest File
An XML file that each application must define, to describe the application's package
name, version, components (activities, intent filters, services), imported libraries,
and describes the various activities, and so on. See The AndroidManifest.xml File
for complete information.
OpenGL ES
Android provides OpenGL ES libraries that you can use for fast, complex 3D
images.
Resources
Nonprogrammatic application components that are external to the compiled
application code, but which can be loaded from application code using a well-
known reference format.
Service
An object of class Service that runs in the background (without any UI presence) to
perform various persistent actions, such as playing music or monitoring network
activity.
BASIC Terminologies

Surface
A Surface holds a Canvas object for drawing, and provides various helper
methods to draw layers and resize the surface.
SurfaceView
A View object that wraps a Surface for drawing, and exposes methods to specify
its size and format dynamically.
Theme
A set of properties (text size, background color, and so on) bundled together to
define various default display settings.
URIs in Android
Android uses URI strings as the basis for requesting data in a content provider
(such as to retrieve a list of contacts) and for requesting actions in an Intent
(such as opening a Web page in a browser).
View
A View is a base class for most layout components of an Activity or Dialog
screen (text boxes, windows, and so on).
BASIC Terminologies

Viewgroup
A container object that groups a set of child Views.
Widget :
View subclasses that render form elements and other UI components, such as
a text box or popup menu.
BASIC Terminologies

ANDROID Software Stack

ANDROID Programming Framework

Quick Start
The steps below provide an overview of how to get started with the Android SDK.
For detailed instructions, start with the Installing the SDK guide.
1. Prepare your development computer
Read the System Requirements document and make sure that your development
computer meets the hardware and software requirements for the Android SDK.
Install any additional software needed before downloading the Android SDK. In
particular, you may need to install the JDK (version 5 or 6 required) and Eclipse
(version 3.4 or 3.5, needed only if you want develop using the ADT Plugin).
2. Download and install the SDK starter package
Select a starter package from the table at the top of this page and download it to
your development computer. To install the SDK, simply unpack the starter
package to a safe location and then add the location to your PATH.
Setting up Development Computer
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html

3. Install the ADT Plugin for Eclipse
Install the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin, restart Eclipse, and set the
"Android" preferences in Eclipse to point to the SDK install location.
4. Add Android platforms and other components to your SDK
Use the Android SDK and AVD Manager, included in the SDK starter package, to
add one or more Android platforms (for example, Android 1.6 or Android 2.2) and
other components to your SDK.
To launch the Android SDK and AVD Manager on Windows, execute SDK
Setup.exe, at the root of the SDK directory. On Mac OS X or Linux, execute the
android tool in the <sdk>/tools/ folder.
The Android NDK is a companion tool to the Android SDK that lets you
build performance-critical portions of your apps in native code.
Setting up Development Computer

Eclipse IDE

Eclipse IDE – Project Files

Eclipse IDE : Android Phone emulator

“Hello Android” Project

Create New Project (1)

Editing Java Source File

Editing Layout Resource File

Editing Values Resource File

Editing AndroidManifest.xml

Debugging Syntax Error

Running the Program (1)

Running the Program (2)

Program Execution Message on
Console

Week 1 - Introduction to Android and Java
(a) Installing Android
(b) Creating Hello World
(c) Running on Emulator
(d) Introduction to Java Data types, Loops, Conditionals and Operators
Week 2 - Android Architecture and OOPS
(a) Building Blocks of Android
(b) Java Classes and Objects
(c) Class Methods and Instances
(d) Inheritance and Polymorphism in Java
(e) Interface and Abstract class
Week 3 - Android UI and Advance Java
(a) Using resources
(b) Using themes
(c) Debugging Android Code
(d) Settings(e) Java I/O
(e) Threads and Synchronization
Android Learning Schedule

Week 4 - Android Graphics and Multimedia
(a) Basic Graphics
(b) Input Handling
(c) Playing Audio
(d) Playing Video
Week 5 - Persistence in Android
(a) Accessing Internal Files system
(b) Acessing SD cards
(c) Introduction to SQLite
(d) Data Binding
(e) Content Provider
Week 6 - Network Awareness
(a) Accessing the Internet
(b) Using Web services
(c) Using Java and Java Script
(d) Location Sensing

Week 7 - 3D graphics in OpenGL and other views
(a) OpenGL Introduction
(b) Using Threads and Models
(c) Texture in OpenGL
(d) Making a application in OpenGL
(e) Other standard views in Android
Week 8 - Widgets and the way ahead
(a) Android Widget Development
(b) The Path Ahead for Android
(c) Running Application on device
(d) Android Market Some Do’s and Don'ts
(e) Introduction to System programming in Android
Week 9 & Week 10 - Live Project
(a) Design and Requirement analysis support
(b) Implementation and QA support

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