Presented by Karen Compton, Jane Smith and Claudia Wallace in the ACT2 stand at CAST2010 in Houston, Texas

1. Chemistry Assessment Eligible Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Texas Education Agency Student Assessment Division September 2010

3. They are important for preparedness for the next grade or course.

4. They support college and career readiness.

5. They necessitate in-depth instruction.

6. They address broad and deep ideas.Texas Education Agency Student Assessment Division September 2010

7. Supporting standardshave the following characteristics. Although introduced in the current grade or course, they may be emphasized in a subsequent year. Although reinforced in the current grade or course, they may be emphasized in a previous year. They play a role in preparing students for the next grade or course but not a central role. They address more narrowly defined ideas. Texas Education Agency Student Assessment Division September 2010

8. TEA is implementing a number of changes that should serve to test knowledge and skills in a deeper way. Tests will contain a greater number of items that have a higher cognitive complexity level. Items will be developed to more closely match the cognitive complexity level evident in the TEKS. In science, process skills will be assessed in context, not in isolation, which will allow for a more integrated and authentic assessment of these content area. In science, the number of open-ended (griddable) items will increase to allow students more opportunity to derive an answer independently. Texas Education Agency Student Assessment Division September 2010

10. Solutions

12. Prior Knowledge - Solutions Water is polar Vocabulary: Solute Solvent Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated Precipitate Electrolyte Nonelectrolyte Write a formula Balance an equation Write a balanced equation Calculate moles

13. Engage Water + Alcohol KI + Pb(NO3)2 Chemical Music Video – “For Those About to Dissolve, We Solute You” Sodium acetate supersaturated solution

14. What should be taught… Water is polar Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid Vocabulary: Soluble Solute Solvent Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated Electrolyte Nonelectrolyte

15. Which factor makes water an effective solvent? F the presence of molecular oxygen G its lack of covalent bonds H the polar nature of its molecules J its abundance on Earth’s surface Fish survive through severe winters because of the property of water that allows water to - F form chemical bonds as it freezes, raising the water temperature below the ice G increase in density while it freezes, dissolving more oxygen from the air H expand when it freezes, creating a floating and insulating layer of ice J precipitate vital nutrients when it freezes, increasing the food supply

16. The diagram on the right shows water molecules and ions from an NaCl crystal. What is the most likely reason that each water molecule is arranged so that the oxygen part of the molecule faces a sodium ion? F The oxygen in a water molecule contains a partial negative charge. G Gravity rotates the oxygen atoms to face the more-massive sodium ions. H Hydrogen atoms create repulsive forces with chloride ions. J Oxygen atoms form covalent bonds with sodium ions.

17. Solubility Curves Use the graph to answer the questions. 1. If there are 45 grams of KCl in 100 g of H2O at 30 oC, the solution will be a. unsaturated b. saturated c. supersaturated 2. How many grams of KNO3 will dissolve in 100 g of H2O at 50 oC to make a saturated solution? 3. If there are 10 grams of KNO3 in 20 g of H2O at 40 oC, how many more grams of KNO3 must you add to have a saturated solution?

18. In this apparatus, the seawater is an example of a — F strong electrolyte G weak acid H nonelectrolyte J strong base

19. What should be taught… Solubility rules Precipitate reactions Factors that influence solubility and rates of solvation

20. What precipitate is formed when barium hydroxide is reacted with sodium sulfate? What would you do to dissolve calcium chloride in water faster?

21. What should be taught… Molarity!! Calculate dilutions of solutions

22. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 40 g of sodium hydroxide in 2 L of solution? If 50 mL of a 6 M hydrochloric acid solution is added to enough water to make 2 L of solution, what is the final molarity?

23. Prior Knowledge – Acids and Bases Acid Base pH scale

24. What should be taught… Arrhenius acid / base Bronsted-Lowry acid / base Degrees of dissociation for strong and weak acids and bases Acid-base reactions pH scale pH calculations

25. Which of the following is a Bronsted-Lowry base but not an Arrhenius base? Mg(OH)2 NH3 NaOH Sr(OH)2

26. What are the products of the reaction of sulfuric acid with potassium hydroxide? What is the pH of a 2.3 x 10-3 M HCl solution?

27. This question could be adapted to address strong vs weak acids/bases. In this apparatus, the seawater is an example of a — F strong electrolyte G weak acid H nonelectrolyte J strong base