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1. Psoriasis Treatment in India at Mumbai and Delhi at low
Cost
Psoriasis - Stem Cell Treatment in India
Psoriasis is a common skin disease that affects the life cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis causes cells
to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin, forming thick silvery scales and itchy, dry, red
patches that are sometimes painful.
[ How psoriasis develops ]
In psoriasis, the life cycle of your skin cells greatly accelerates, leading to a buildup of dead cells
on the surface of the epidermis.
Symptoms
[ Plaque psoriasis ]

2. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis. It usually causes dry, red skin lesions
(plaques) covered with silvery scales.
[ Guttate psoriasis ]
Guttate psoriasis, more common in children and adults younger than 30, appears as small, water-
drop-shaped sores on the trunk, arms, legs and scalp. The sores are typically covered by a fine
scale.
[ Scalp psoriasis ]
When psoriasis affects the scalp, it causes itchy dandruff.
Psoriasis signs and symptoms can vary from person to person but may include one or more
of the following : -
• Red patches of skin covered with silvery scales
• Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)

3. • Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Thickened, pitted or ridged nails
• Swollen and stiff joints
Psoriasis patches can range from a few spots of dandruff-like scaling to major eruptions that
cover large areas. Mild cases of psoriasis may be a nuisance. But more severe cases can be
painful, disfiguring and disabling.
Most types of psoriasis go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for
a time or even going into complete remission. In most cases, however, the disease eventually
returns.
Several types of psoriasis exist. These include : -
• Plaque psoriasis : - The most common form, plaque psoriasis causes dry, raised, red skin
lesions (plaques) covered with silvery scales. The plaques itch or may be painful and can
occur anywhere on your body, including your genitals and the soft tissue inside your
mouth. You may have just a few plaques or many, and in severe cases, the skin around
your joints may crack and bleed.
• Nail psoriasis : - Psoriasis can affect fingernails and toenails, causing pitting, abnormal
nail growth and discoloration. Psoriatic nails may become loose and separate from the
nail bed (onycholysis). Severe cases may cause the nail to crumble.
• Scalp psoriasis : - Psoriasis on the scalp appears as red, itchy areas with silvery-white
scales. You may notice flakes of dead skin in your hair or on your shoulders, especially
after scratching your scalp.
• Guttate psoriasis : - This primarily affects people younger than 30 and is usually triggered
by a bacterial infection such as strep throat. It's marked by small, water-drop-shaped
sores on your trunk, arms, legs and scalp. The sores are covered by a fine scale and aren't
as thick as typical plaques are. You may have a single outbreak that goes away on its
own, or you may have repeated episodes, especially if you have ongoing respiratory
infections.

4. • Inverse psoriasis : -Mainly affecting the skin in the armpits, groin, under the breasts and
around the genitals, inverse psoriasis causes smooth patches of red, inflamed skin. It's
more common in overweight people and is worsened by friction and sweating.
• Pustular psoriasis : - This uncommon form of psoriasis can occur in widespread patches
(generalized pustular psoriasis) or in smaller areas on your hands, feet or fingertips. It
generally develops quickly, with pus-filled blisters appearing just hours after your skin
becomes red and tender. The blisters dry within a day or two but may reappear every few
days or weeks. Generalized pustular psoriasis can also cause fever, chills, severe itching
and fatigue.
• Erythrodermic psoriasis : - The least common type of psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis
can cover your entire body with a red, peeling rash that can itch or burn intensely. It may
be triggered by severe sunburn, by corticosteroids and other medications, or by another
type of psoriasis that's poorly controlled.
• Psoriatic arthritis : - In addition to inflamed, scaly skin, psoriatic arthritis causes pitted,
discolored nails and the swollen, painful joints that are typical of arthritis. It can also lead
to inflammatory eye conditions such as conjunctivitis. Symptoms range from mild to
severe. Although the disease usually isn't as crippling as other forms of arthritis, it can
cause stiffness and progressive joint damage that in the most serious cases may lead to
permanent deformity.
When to see a doctor
If you suspect that you may have psoriasis, see your doctor for a complete examination.
Also, talk to your doctor if your psoriasis:
• Progresses beyond the nuisance stage, causing you discomfort and pain
• Makes performing routine tasks difficult
• Causes you concern about the appearance of your skin
Be sure to seek medical advice if your signs and symptoms worsen or they don't improve with

5. treatment. You may need a different medication or a combination of treatments to manage the
psoriasis.
Psoriasis is a persistent, long-lasting (chronic) disease. You may have periods when your
psoriasis symptoms improve or go into remission alternating with times your psoriasis worsens.
For some people, psoriasis is just a nuisance. For others, it's disabling, especially when
associated with arthritis. No cure exists, but psoriasis treatments may offer significant relief.
Lifestyle measures, such as using a nonprescription cortisone cream and exposing your skin to
small amounts of natural sunlight, can improve your psoriasis symptoms.
Causes
The cause of psoriasis is related to the immune system, and more specifically, a type of white
blood cell called a T lymphocyte or T cell. Normally, T cells travel throughout the body to detect
and fight off foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria. If you have psoriasis, however, the T
cells attack healthy skin cells by mistake as if to heal a wound or to fight an infection.
Overactive T cells trigger other immune responses including dilation of blood vessels in the skin
around the plaques and an increase in other white blood cells that can enter the epidermis. These
changes result in an increased production of both healthy skin cells and more T cells and other
white blood cells. What results is an ongoing cycle in which new skin cells move to the
outermost layer of skin too quickly - in days rather than weeks. Dead skin and white blood cells
can't slough off quickly enough and build up in thick, scaly patches on the skin's surface. This
usually doesn't stop unless treatment interrupts the cycle.
Just what causes T cells to malfunction in people with psoriasis isn't entirely clear, although
researchers think genetic and environmental factors both play a role.
Psoriasis triggers
Psoriasis typically starts or worsens because of a trigger that you may be able to identify and
avoid.
Factors that may trigger psoriasis include:
• Infections, such as strep throat or thrush
• Injury to the skin, such as a cut or scrape, bug bite, or a severe sunburn
• Stress

6. • Cold weather
• Smoking
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Certain medications - including lithium, which is prescribed for bipolar disorder; high
blood pressure medications such as beta blockers; antimalarial drugs; and iodides
Risk factors
Anyone can develop psoriasis, but these factors can increase your risk of developing the
disease : -
• Family history : - Perhaps the most significant risk factor for psoriasis is having a family
history of the disease. About one in three people with psoriasis has a close relative who
also has the condition.
• Other medical conditions : - People with HIV are more likely to develop psoriasis than
people with healthy immune systems are. Children and young adults with recurring
infections, particularly strep throat, also may be at increased risk.
• Stress : - Because stress can impact your immune system, high stress levels may increase
your risk of psoriasis.
• Obesity : - Excess weight increases your risk of inverse psoriasis. In addition, plaques
associated with all types of psoriasis often develop in skin creases and folds.
• Smoking : - Smoking tobacco not only increases your risk of psoriasis but also may
increase the severity of the disease. Smoking may also play a role in the initial
development of the disease.
Tests and diagnosis

7. Your doctor can usually diagnose psoriasis after talking to you about your signs and symptoms
and examining your skin. Sometimes, however, your doctor may take a small sample of skin
(biopsy) that's examined under a microscope to determine the exact type of psoriasis and to rule
out other disorders. A skin biopsy is usually done in a doctor's office using a local anesthetic.
Other disorders that can look like psoriasis include : -
• Seborrheic dermatitis : - This type of dermatitis is characterized by greasy, scaly, itchy,
red skin. It's often found on oily areas of the body, such as the face, upper chest and back.
Seborrheic dermatitis can also appear on the scalp as stubborn, itchy dandruff.
• Lichen planus : - This is an inflammatory skin condition that appears as rows of itchy,
flat-topped bumps (lesions) on the arms and legs.
• Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis) : - Ringworm is caused by a fungal infection on
the top layer of your skin. The infection often causes a red, scaly ring or circle of rash.
• Pityriasis rosea : - This common skin condition usually begins as one large spot (herald
patch) on your chest, abdomen or back, which then spreads. The rash of pityriasis rosea
often extends from the middle of the body, and its shape resembles drooping pine-tree
branches.
Treatments and drugs
Psoriasis treatments aim to : -
• Interrupt the cycle that causes an increased production of skin cells, thereby reducing
inflammation and plaque formation.

8. • Remove scale and smooth the skin, which is particularly true of topical treatments that
you apply to your skin.
Psoriasis treatments can be divided into three main types: topical treatments, light therapy and
oral medications.
Topical treatments
Used alone, creams and ointments that you apply to your skin can effectively treat mild to
moderate psoriasis. When the disease is more severe, creams are likely to be combined with oral
medications or light therapy.
Topical psoriasis treatments include : -
• Topical corticosteroids: - These powerful anti-inflammatory drugs are the most
frequently prescribed medications for treating mild to moderate psoriasis. They slow cell
turnover by suppressing the immune system, which reduces inflammation and relieves
associated itching. Topical corticosteroids range in strength, from mild to very strong.
Low-potency corticosteroid ointments are usually recommended for sensitive areas, such
as your face or skin folds, and for treating widespread patches of damaged skin.
Your doctor may prescribe stronger corticosteroid ointment for small areas of your skin,
for persistent plaques on your hands or feet, or when other treatments have failed.
Medicated foams and scalp solutions are available to treat psoriasis patches on the scalp.
To minimize side effects and to increase effectiveness, topical corticosteroids are
generally used on active outbreaks until they're under control.
• Vitamin D analogues: - These synthetic forms of vitamin D slow down the growth of skin
cells. Calcipotriene (Dovonex) is a prescription cream, ointment or solution containing a
vitamin D analogue that may be used alone to treat mild to moderate psoriasis or in
combination with other topical medications or phototherapy.
• Anthralin: - This medication is believed to normalize DNA activity in skin cells.
Anthralin (Dritho-Scalp) can also remove scale, making the skin smoother. However,
anthralin stains virtually anything it touches, including skin, clothing, countertops and
bedding. For that reason doctors often recommend short-contact treatment - allowing the

9. cream to stay on your skin for a brief time before washing it off. Anthralin is sometimes
used in combination with ultraviolet light.
• Topical retinoids: - These are commonly used to treat acne and sun-damaged skin, but
tazarotene (Tazorac, Avage) was developed specifically for the treatment of psoriasis.
Like other vitamin A derivatives, it normalizes DNA activity in skin cells and may
decrease inflammation. The most common side effect is skin irritation. It may also
increase sensitivity to sunlight, so sunscreen should be applied while using the
medication. Although the risk of birth defects is far lower for topical retinoids than for
oral retinoids, your doctor needs to know if you're pregnant or intend to become pregnant
if you're using tazarotene.
• Calcineurin inhibitors: - Currently, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus)
are only approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but studies have shown them to
be effective at times in the treatment of psoriasis as well. Calcineurin inhibitors are
thought to disrupt the activation of T cells, which in turn reduces inflammation and
plaque buildup.
The most common side effect is skin irritation. Calcineurin inhibitors are not
recommended for long-term or continuous use because of a potential increased risk of
skin cancer and lymphoma. Calcineurin inhibitors are only used with your doctor's input
and approval. They may be especially helpful in areas of thin skin, such as around the
eyes, where steroid creams or retinoids are too irritating or may cause harmful effects.
• Salicylic acid: - Available over-the-counter (nonprescription) and by prescription,
salicylic acid promotes sloughing of dead skin cells and reduces scaling. Sometimes it's
combined with other medications, such as topical corticosteroids or coal tar, to increase
its effectiveness. Salicylic acid is available in medicated shampoos and scalp solutions to
treat scalp psoriasis.
• Coal tar: - A thick, black byproduct of the manufacture of petroleum products and coal,
coal tar is probably the oldest treatment for psoriasis. It reduces scaling, itching and
inflammation. Exactly how it works isn't known. Coal tar has few known side effects, but

10. it's messy, stains clothing and bedding, and has a strong odor. Coal tar is available in
over-the-counter shampoos, creams and oils.
• Moisturizers: - By themselves, moisturizing creams won't heal psoriasis, but they can
reduce itching and scaling and can help combat the dryness that results from other
therapies. Moisturizers in an ointment base are usually more effective than are lighter
creams and lotions. Light therapy (phototherapy)
As the name suggests, this psoriasis treatment uses natural or artificial ultraviolet light.
The simplest and easiest form of phototherapy involves exposing your skin to controlled
amounts of natural sunlight. Other forms of light therapy include the use of artificial
ultraviolet A (UVA) or ultraviolet B (UVB) light either alone or in combination with
medications.
• Sunlight: - Ultraviolet (UV) light is a wavelength of light in a range too short for the
human eye to see. When exposed to UV rays in sunlight or artificial light, the activated T
cells in the skin die. This slows skin cell turnover and reduces scaling and inflammation.
Brief, daily exposures to small amounts of sunlight may improve psoriasis, but intense
sun exposure can worsen symptoms and cause skin damage. Before beginning a sunlight
regimen, ask your doctor about the safest way to use natural sunlight for psoriasis
treatment.
• UVB phototherapy: - Controlled doses of UVB light from an artificial light source may
improve mild to moderate psoriasis symptoms. UVB phototherapy, also called broadband
UVB, can be used to treat single patches, widespread psoriasis and psoriasis that resists
topical treatments. Short-term side effects may include redness, itching and dry skin.
Using a moisturizer may help decrease these side effects.
• Narrowband UVB therapy: - A newer type of psoriasis treatment, narrowband UVB
therapy may be more effective than broadband UVB treatment. It's usually administered
two or three times a week until the skin improves, then maintenance may require only
weekly sessions. Narrowband UVB therapy may cause more severe and longer lasting
burns, however.

11. • Photochemotherapy, or psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA): - Photochemotherapy
involves taking a light-sensitizing medication (psoralen) before exposure to UVA light.
UVA light penetrates deeper into the skin than does UVB light, and psoralen makes the
skin more responsive to UVA exposure. This more aggressive treatment consistently
improves skin and is often used for more severe cases of psoriasis. PUVA involves two
or three treatments a week for a prescribed number of weeks.
Short-term side effects include nausea, headache, burning and itching. Long-term side
effects include dry and wrinkled skin, freckles and increased risk of skin cancer,
including melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer.
• Excimer laser: - This form of light therapy, used for mild to moderate psoriasis, treats
only the involved skin. A controlled beam of UVB light of a specific wavelength is
directed to the psoriasis plaques to control scaling and inflammation. Healthy skin
surrounding the patches isn't harmed. Excimer laser therapy requires fewer sessions than
does traditional phototherapy because more powerful UVB light is used. Side effects can
include redness and blistering.
• Combination light therapy: - Combining UV light with other treatments such as retinoids
frequently improves phototherapy's effectiveness. Combination therapies are often used
after other phototherapy options are ineffective. Some doctors give UVB treatment in
conjunction with coal tar, called the Goeckerman treatment. The two therapies together
are more effective than either alone because coal tar makes skin more receptive to UVB
light. Another method, the Ingram regimen, combines UVB therapy with a coal tar bath
and an anthralin-salicylic acid paste that's left on your skin for several hours or overnight.
Oral medications
If you have severe psoriasis or it's resistant to other types of treatment, your doctor may prescribe
oral or injected drugs. Because of severe side effects, some of these medications are used for just
brief periods of time and may be alternated with other forms of treatment.

12. • Retinoids: - Related to vitamin A, this group of drugs may reduce the production of skin
cells if you have severe psoriasis that doesn't respond to other therapies. Signs and
symptoms usually return once therapy is discontinued, however. Side effects may include
dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, itching and hair loss. And because retinoids
such as acitretin (Soriatane) can cause severe birth defects, women must avoid pregnancy
for at least three years after taking the medication.
• Methotrexate: - Taken orally, methotrexate helps psoriasis by decreasing the production
of skin cells and suppressing inflammation. It may also slow the progression of psoriatic
arthritis in some people. Methotrexate is generally well tolerated in low doses, but may
cause upset stomach, loss of appetite and fatigue. When used for long periods it can cause
a number of serious side effects, including severe liver damage and decreased production
of red and white blood cells and platelets.
• Cyclosporine: - Cyclosporine suppresses the immune system and is similar to
methotrexate in effectiveness. Like other immunosuppressant drugs, cyclosporine
increases your risk of infection and other health problems, including cancer.
Cyclosporine also makes you more susceptible to kidney problems and high blood
pressure - the risk increases with higher dosages and long-term therapy.
• Hydroxyurea: - This medication isn't as effective as cyclosporine or methotrexate, but
unlike the stronger drugs it can be combined with phototherapy. Possible side effects
include anemia and a decrease in white blood cells and platelets. It should not be taken by
women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
• Immunomodulator drugs (biologics): - Several immunomodulator drugs are approved for
the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. They include alefacept (Amevive),
etanercept (Enbrel) and infliximab (Remicade). These drugs are given by intravenous
infusion, intramuscular injection or subcutaneous injection and are usually used for
people who have failed to respond to traditional therapy or who have associated psoriatic
arthritis. Biologics work by blocking interactions between certain immune system cells.
Although they're derived from natural sources rather than chemical ones, they must be
used with caution because they have strong effects on the immune system and may cause
life-threatening infections.

13. Treatment considerations
Although doctors choose treatments based on the type and severity of psoriasis and the areas of
skin affected, the traditional approach is to start with the mildest treatments - topical creams and
ultraviolet light therapy (phototherapy) - and then progress to stronger ones if necessary. The
goal is to find the most effective way to slow cell turnover with the fewest possible side effects.
In spite of a wide range of options, effective treatment of psoriasis can be challenging. The
disease is unpredictable, going through cycles of improvement and worsening seemingly at
random. Effects of psoriasis treatments also can be unpredictable; what works well for one
person might be ineffective for someone else. Your skin can also become resistant to various
treatments over time, and the most potent psoriasis treatments can have serious side effects.
Talk to your doctor about your options, especially if you're not improving after using a particular
treatment or if you're experiencing uncomfortable side effects. He or she can adjust your
treatment plan or modify your approach to ensure the best possible control of your symptoms.
Stem Cell Treatment in India
Stem cells are the master cells of the human body. They can divide to produce copies of
themselves and many other types of cell. They are found in various parts of the human body at
every stage of development from embryo to adult.
Because stem cells are so versatile, they could potentially be used to repair and replace damaged
human tissue. The purpose of experimental stem cell therapy is to offer potential benefits of stem
cells, which may be : -
• To slow down or stop further deterioration caused by the disease
• To see if stem cells can reverse the effects of the disease
This procedure is considered experimental as it is being tested in clinical research studies, and is
not yet available as a standard medical treatment.
The stem cells used in our experimental therapy are Mesenchymal stem cells, which are derived
from your own bone marrow. These are multipotent stem cells that can transform into a variety
of cell types, and thereby help in regeneration and repair of the diseased tissues.
Psoriasis - Treatment by Stem Cell Therapy

14. Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune disorder in which there is overproduction of skin
resulting from an immune dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells have been found to have
Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. Administration of mesenchymal stem
cells in a patient with psoriasis will correct the aberrant immune system of his/her body and
reduce progression of disease. If successful, this can significantly improve the quality of life of a
patient with psoriasis.
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