13. Civil War in Guatemala,19601996, forced many to migrate.
From the late
1970s the
Maya
migrated in
greatest
numbers to
Mexico and
then the
United States
20. Los Mayas del Norte:
Biocultural aspects of health status of
Guatemala Maya children living in the
United States.
Barry Bogin & Maria Inês Varela-Silva
Loughborough University
B.A.Bogin@lboro.ac.uk
Patricia K. Smith
University of Michigan-Dearborn
James Loucky
Western Washington University
21. Maya in Disneyland:
Growth and Health of the
Children of Immigrants to the
United States
Samples boys and girls, 6-12 years old
measured in Los Angeles, CA and
Indiantown, Fl
Site visits in 1992 (N=213) and 1999-2000
(N=431)
Compared with Maya in Guatemala 1998
(N=1353) and the NHANES reference data
24. Mean height of Maya samples and mean
height of NHANES reference data
155
150
145
Height (cm)
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
mean diff. = 10.24 cm
105
100
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Age (years)
Age (years)
Maya-Guat
Maya-USA1992
Maya-USA2000
NHANES
NHANES
25. Mean sitting height ratio (SHR) of Maya
samples and mean SHR of NHANES
reference data
58
Sitting Height Ratio
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
mean diff. In leg length = 7.02 cm
50
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Age (years)
Maya-Guat
Maya-USA2000
SHR= [(sitting height/height)*100]
NHANES
26. Mean body mass index (BMI) of Maya samples
and mean BMI of NHANES reference data
24
Body Mass Index
22
20
18
16
14
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Age (years)
Maya-Guat
Maya-USA1992
Maya-USA2000
BMI= [weight (kg)/stature2 (m)]
NHANES
27. Prevalence of Stunting, Overweight, and Obesity: Indiantown 2000
Stunted
Overweight
Obese
n
Maya
11.5%
48.6%
25.3%
296
Mexican
3.8
35.0
28.0
157
Haitian
7.7
30.8
23.1
13
Euro. Amer.
0.0
24.5
18.4
49
African Amer.
0.7
31.7
25.9
139
Others
0.0
41.7
38.9
36
TOTAL
6.1
39.7
33.5
690
The rate of stunting for Guatemala overall is 44 percent, but for Maya
children the rate is 58 percent. United States national average of
overweight is 13% in this age group.
29. The Maya of Indiantown
Photos from 1992 - 2008
30. Indiantown Demographics
• Major Employers
Via Tropical.....................450
Florida Power & light......153
Cogeneration Plant……...70
Indiantown Group.............47
Bay State Milling..............36
Tampa Farm Service.......35
First Bank of Indiantown..26
• Population
1990 ........ 8,300
1995 ........ 9,700
1997 ……10,679
2000 ……15,530
52. Biocultural model of some relationships
affecting child health in immigrant
families
Socioeconomic
status
- occupation
- earnings
- education
Assimilation path
- melting pot
- bicultural
- avoidance
Lifestyle
- diet
- physical activity
Parental
investment
- health care
- education
- “happiness”
Child health
outcomes
- growth
55. The next step in our research –
Intergenerational, nutritional, behavioural
risks for child obesity
Mother’s nutritional
status during childhood
lower limb
Mother’s actual
nutritional status BMI
Child’s
overweight/
obesity level
Child’s fat-to-carbohydrate
oxidation ratio Respiratory
quotient
Child’s physical activity
Accelerometry
Child’s nutrition Healthy
Eating Index
Family rural/urban
gradient (4 sites)
Family migratory
status (Did mother
migrate?)
Early determinants of
child’s health
(Good beginnings index)
56. Maya in D is y nd
nela :
Growth and Health of the
Children of Immigrants to the
United States
57.
58.
59.
60.
61. Maya Project Mission: RTI
Research
Training
Keep a steady stream
of research projects
aiming to improve the Continue and improve
training sessions and
health and living
conditions of the Maya programmes so that
PD of local scholars is
guaranteed
Community engagement
Implement on-site
facilities and
educational
programmes that will
directly benefit the
Maya communities
62. Maya Project Mission: Impact
Other cultural
events
Seminars
Art exhibitions
Dissemination of
results
63. SCHOOL CHILDREN LEARN ABOUT HEALTH AND
NUTRITION WITH THE MAYA PROJECT
mayaproject.org.uk
@MayaProjectUK