Keynote presentation I gave at the Kongress Effizienter Staat in Berlin, April 2012.

1. Ines Mergel
Perspektive Mitmachstaat:
Crowdsourcing Open Innovation
Extrem niedriges Vertrauen in
“Getting the job done”
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2. Anstieg der Nutzerzahlen auf social
networking services
65% der
Erwachsenen
nutzen SNS
http://www.pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/March/Pew-Internet-Social-Networking-less-detail.aspx
http://www.pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/March/Pew-Internet-Social-Networking-less-detail.aspx
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3. Zugang zu Informationen &
Nachrichten
Pew: The State of News Media 2012: http://stateofthemedia.org/2012/mobile-devices-
and-news-consumption-some-good-signs-for-journalism/what-facebook-and-twitter-
mean-for-news/
Government should be collaborative.
Collaboration actively engages Americans in the
work of their Government. Executive
departments and agencies should use
innovative tools, methods, and systems to
cooperate among themselves, across all levels
of Government, and with nonprofit
organizations, businesses, and individuals in the
private sector. Executive departments and
agencies should solicit public feedback to
assess and improve their level of collaboration
and to identify new opportunities for cooperation.
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4. Open Innovation Memo
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCil
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20502
June 8, 2011
MEMORANDUM FOR THE NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY
FROM: Aneesh Chopra, US Chief Technology Director for
Technology, Office of Science & Technology c .----
SUBJECT: Winning the Future through Open Innovation a Progress Report on Our Open
Government Initiative
President Obama is determined to win the future by out-innovating, out-educating and out-
building our global competition. In his Strategy for American Innovation, he frames the
government's role as (1) investing in the building blocks for innovation (infrastructure, research
and development [R&D], and an educated workforce); (2) promoting market-based innovation;
and (3) catalyzing breakthroughs for national priorities (e.g., health care, energy, manufacturing,
and education).
Key to catalyzing breakthroughs in national priorities is to unlock opportunities for productivity
improvement, including the ability to harness information technologies in new and creative
ways. A recent McKinsey study estimates that in the healthcare sector alone, the potential
benefits from deploying data-harvesting technologies and skills could be $300 billion a year. 1
We invest more in pet food R&D than we do in R&D for the electric grid. 2 A recent PCAST
report estimates that R&D expenditures in K-12 education account for only 0.2% of revenues in
comparison to pharmaceutical companies, which invest approximately 15% of their revenues in
R&D. 3
Amidst the execution of our innovation strategy is a mistrust of Washington's ability to get the
job done. For too long, the American people have worked harder for less buying power, grown
“Open Innovator’s Tool Kit”
more concerned for their job and health security, and lost faith in the next generation's ability to
live a better life than their own. Legacy perceptions of Washington have reinforced the belief
that the government benefits the special interests and the well-connected at the expense of the
American people. The public sector has struggled to harness technology to boost productivity.
Key to addressing these two challenges - the trust deficit and the need for a forward-leaning
vision for our economy - is our ability to harness the entrepreneurial spirit of innovators through
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
a portfolio of technology and innovation policies that emphasize the government's role as
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
"impatient convener" - one that delivers results in shorter time frames and builds on existing
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20502
legal and budgetary frameworks.
February 8th, 2012
ISteve Lohr, New Ways to Exploit Raw Data May Bring Surge of Innovation, a Study Says, The New York Times,
MEMORANDUM FOR THE NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
(May 13,2011).
2 Alex Kingsbury, "A 'Smart' Electrical Grid Could Secure the Energy Supply," U.S. News and World Report,
COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY
(April 7,2010).
3 President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology report, "Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Science,
FROM: Aneesh Chopra, US Chief Technology Officer and Associate Director for
Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) Education for America's Future" (2010).
Technology, Office of Science & Technology Policy
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SUBJECT: Open
On June 8, 2011, I wrote to you describing open innovation
tapping citizen expertise to make government smarter and more responsive to private sector
demands. This note builds upon those ideas and introduces a new online resource the Open
olio of additional policy tools deployed by agency
leaders seeking to spur innovation in government within existing authorities.
Background
Memorandum on Transparency and
Open Government. Fulfilling a campaign commitment, he designated the position as an Assistant
to the President and member of both the National Economic and Domestic Policy Councils to
help the country meet its goals from job creation, to reducing health care costs, to protecting the
homeland.
In his remarks Strategy for American Innovation 1, President Obama said,
-ever chief technology officer, charged with looking at ways
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Procter & Gambl s from the
outside; awards to celebrate innovative ideas from within; and

5. Open Innovation
 “Closed innovation”
 “Altes” Paradigma
 Volle Kontrolle über den Prozess
 Intern-fokussierte Logik
 Open Innovation
 “Disruptive innovation”: Drastische Änderung der sozialen
Innovationsprozesse
 Nicht die Technologie selber (Telefon, oder eMail), sondern die Art und
Weise wie Technologie genutzt wird
 Öffnet die Grenzen zwischen Verwaltung, Bürgern und anderen
Organisationen
 Grösste Herausforderung: N.I.H.-Syndrom (not invented here)
Wisdom of the crowd
Grosse Gruppen sind smarter als wenige
elitäre Denker:
1. Probleme lösen
2. Zukunftsprognosen
3. Entscheidungsfindung
4. Neuartige Ideen
Surowiecki (2005)
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6. Passives crowdsourcing
 Digitalisierung von Büchern, Zeitungen und alten Radioshows
Aktives crowdsourcing
• Designvorschläge
• Image-Kampagnen
• etc.
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7. Challenge.gov
Kostenlos für alle Bundesbehörden
 Intern
 Extern
Open Innovation-Prozess
• Problemdefinition
1. • Ideensammlung
• Redaktionelle Bearbeitung
2. • Kondensierung
• Bürger stimmen ab
3. • Verbessern gewählte Lösung
• Implementierung
4. • Breite Anwendung
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8. Externe Nutzung:
Smart city: Manor, TX
MANOR, TEXAS
Interne Nutzung: NYC
Mitarbeiter
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9. Interne & externe Beteiligung
Wikiplanning.org
Wisdom of the crowd
Notwendige
Voraussetzungen: Kritik:
Herdentrieb &
1. Diversität
Panik
2. Unabhängigkeit
3. Dezentralisierung “A person is
4. Aggregation
smart. People
are stupid.”
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10. Lessons learned...
 Freiwillige Teilnahme
 Fester Zeitrahmen
 Direkte Feedback-Mechanismen
 Email loops
 Transparenz der Vorgänge
 Anreize: Gaming-Elemente, Währung
 Gesellschaftliche Anerkennung
 “Store front”
Manor, TX
“Store front”
INCENTIVES
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11. Harford County
“Store front”
INCENTIVES
Kann Bürgerbeteiligung funktionieren?
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12. Vielen Dank!
@inesmergel
http://inesmergel.wordpress.com
http://www.linkedin.com/inesmergel
http://www.facebook.com/inesmergel
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