1. Synthesizing Informal and Formal Science towards Water Resource
Management
Case Studies from Kachchh
PRESENTATION BY
DR. YOGESH JADEJA
Arid Communities and Technologies
BHUJ - GUJARAT
21 May 2009
ACT

2. INTRODUCTION
THIS PRESENTATION HIGHLIGHTS
Background
Experiences from Village
Derived Understandings
Utilization of Derived understanding
Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers)
Capacity Building Programme
Status and Activities of Para Professionals in
Kachchh
21 May 2009
ACT

3. INTRODUCTION
THIS PRESENTATION HIGHLIGHTS
Background
Like Hakims and Vaids (Traditional doctors) every region has rural
experts with specialization in water resources.
A combination of their informal science and knowledge of the
region when combined with engineering and geological principles
can create a strong people’s movement towards water self
sustainability.
Capacity building of rural youth for planning, Development,
and Management
21 May 2009
ACT

4. Experience With Rupa Kaka (A Rural Experts) in Khari Village
• Participatory research methodology
– Development of Information sharing mechanism
• Common dictionary for local term and technical term
• Knowledge Exchange
– Theoretical knowledge by technical person
– Practical Knowledge by Rural Experts
• References of the other similar areas
– Problem Identification
• Discussion about various aspects of resource in past and present
• Chronology of events with respect to major intervention or phenomenon
• Site observations and studies
– Verification of data and conclusion
• Technical feasibility Studies
• Experiments
• Participatory Planning
• Based on experiments and feasibility studies planning process with
respective village-user groups by using various tools e.g. models, charts,
games etc.
21 May 2009
ACT

5. APPROACH Contd…
• Methodology
– Development of Common Terminology
– Well Inventory and aquifer identification
– Surface geological studies and mapping for
aquifer extension
– Recharge experiment in Laterite for
demonstration of function of different engineering
structures
– Planning
21 May 2009
ACT

6. Informal Science Formal Science
Common
Use Based Type Sub Type Type Sub Type
Dictionary Classification
Aquifers Sag pan Zina Dana valo sag Sand stone Fine grain sandstone
Mota Dana Valo Coarse grain sandstone
sag
For effective communication Rato Sag Ferruginous sand stone
Dholo Sag Calcareous and siliceous sandstone
Kalmindh Basalt Weathered basalt
Davadi Rati Davadi Laterite Red layer of laterite
Dholi Davadi White and soft layer of laterite
Danto Dyke
Fault
Kamp Alluvium
Barad Alluvium with coarse material
Rocks utilize Kamrai Toda Calcareous fine grained Rubble of limestone, and sand stones
as Building compact sandstone
Chhipar Regular shaped stone
Material
Padadhi Rati Padadhi Sandstone Ferruginous fine grained compact sandstone
Dholi Padadhi Siliceous fine grained compact sandstone, Milliolite
Gajiya Calcareous compact machine cut stone
Pakal Pano Crystalline limestone
Chunano Paththar Limestone
Mineral Mung matti Bentonite
Deposits
Chinai Matti China clay China clay, ball clay, fire clay
Saline Mulai Kali Mulai Marine deposited Shale Carbonaceous shale
Formations
Pili Mulai Calcareous shale
21 May 2009
Kanyo Iron oxide ACT

7. • Aquifer Identification
– Well inventory to
understand sub surface
extension and other
aquifer properties
– Surface geological
mapping
• Surface extension of aquifer
• Demarcation of Zones of
Salinity
21 May 2009
ACT

8. Recharge Experiment – Convince the People and
Building Self Confidence
– Verification of data and conclusion and to frame strategies
• Recharge experiment in laterite
• Demonstration of techniques and structures
– Percolation tank
– Gabbian Structure
– Sub surface check dam
21 May 2009
ACT

9. Strategies for Water Resource
Development and Preparation of
Action Plan – Aquifer Management
HAMIRSAR LAKE
HAMIRSAR LAKE
21 May 2009
ACT

10. Derived Understandings
• Four Aquifers In the District - Sandstone, Laterite, Weathered
Basalt and Alluviums
Sandstone
Laterite
Weathered Basalt Alluvium
21 May 2009
ACT

11. Derived Understandings contd…
• Salinity Pattern –
– Inherent Salinity due to Marine Deposits
– Salinity Ingress from Sea
• Shallow Aquifers in coastal areas
• In deep ground water
– Increasing Salinity due to Evaporation in Rann Areas influences Shallow
Aquifers
Rann
Hills Evaporite
Deposits
Shallow Aquifer Systems
Inherent Salinity Due to
Marine Deposited Rocks Sea Water Intrusion
21 May 2009
ACT

12. Derived Understandings contd…
Simple Matrix for Resource Development Strategies
Catchment Description Water Harvesting Techniques
Location Geomorphic Permeable Stratum Impermeable stratum
Unit
Non Saline Saline Non Saline Saline
Upper Catchment Hills, Rocky CD GS ST Large ST Large
uplands
Middle-Upper Catchment Undulating Plains GS(U/S) SD (M) STp - STr ST Large GS & Stp
SCD (D/S)
Middle-Lower Catchment More or less even GS (U/S) & PT GS (U/S) & PT GS (U/S) & GS &Stp
Plains (M) SCD (D/S) (D/S) ST (D/S)
Lower Catchment Flat lands FB & WW FB & WW ST Small ST Small
SCD SCD FB &WW FB &WW
Key
Groundwater Recharge CD Check Dam ST Storage Tank
Soil Moisture Conservation GS Gabbian Structure FB Farm Bund
Surface Storage PT Percolation Tank STp / STr Silt Trap/Staggered Trench
Salinity Prevention SCD Subsurface Check dam WW Waste Weir
21 May 2009
ACT

13. Utilization of Derived Understandings contd…
Development of Training Programme for Para Professional
21 May 2009
ACT

14. Utilization of Derived Understandings contd…
Development of Training Programme for Para Professional
21 May 2009
ACT

15. Utilization of Derived Understandings contd…
Development of Training Programme for Para Professional
21 May 2009
ACT

16. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
General Training Programme Advance Training
Objective: To Develop ability to Conceptualization of Objective: Technical Ability to Implement Water
Resource Development Programme with technical
Water Resource Planning
competence of designing, costing, site management
etc. along with community
Qualification: Writing and reading ability with little
work experience of water resource development as
Qualification: Should have passed General training
supervisor etc. / at least appeared in secondary school
or Secondary / Higher secondary / Graduate in any
subject
Inputs:
Inputs:
Understanding Base Understanding Base
• Understanding on Regional Geo-hydrology • Use wise water resource development
o Perspectives • Cost benefit analysis of respective structure
o Problems • Impact assessment
• Hydrological Cycle • Water Resource Management
• Integrated Approach for Planning • Feasibility Analysis
• Social and economic dimensions
Skill Base
• Mapping Skill Base
• Rock Identification • Designing, Surveys, and estimation of water
• Map base calculation resource structures
• Estimation of Runoff • Computer literacy
• Identification of Recharge / Runoff Potential • Appropriate site identification for particular
Areas water harvesting structure
• Site Management, Supervision
Duration: 45 Days stretch over 3 months Divided in 7
21 May 2009 • Water quality analysis ACT

17. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
CASE STUDY OF BLOCK LEVEL DRINKING WATER PLANING
Approach Developed By ACT- Sahjeevn (withs WASMO c n i
p )v i n i p i N )n i v k i n ) Äy & r
h
viG p¹Fr
i
# #
b[ mT)
r i[
r i
[ m
b [ )
T
Gi ¹
i
v p F
r
#
ni> )yi
g g
> )
i i
n y
#
ki[ii
O
#
[ i
O
i
k
#
sm i
D
>
m D
>
s i
# t[i
r
nl )yi
i
r
[
t
l y
n )
i
u #
j Ki]
K ]
j i
#
K)r sr i
#
mYiLi
i[
[ L
Y
i
mi
4 0 4 8 (kl i[ )Tr
m
r
) r
K s i
j & 1 : 45 gim
Y i[
j yi> j p ir ni (vkisn) j $(r yit C[
bFi k .
s&r )
Y
#
Aii[ ni[(vkis a n[(r cij < gim}
#t {14 i[
(vt r N Ä Yi siY[ Aii[ ni[(vkis {29 gim}
yvA #t i[
s )
Y
& r
Aii[ (vkis {2 gim}
#t i[
j & 2 : {88 gim}
Y i[ # K& D
a i[
a i
& D
K [
j yi>hyit Aii[ n& ir kimkr vin) j $(r yit C[
#t > sm .
Aii[ n& m kim{70 gim}
# t > ir
s i[
(r c ij < i A ii[ n& ir kim{ 9 gim}
oir # t > sm i[
(vt r N Ä yi siY[ Aii[ n& ir kim{3 gim}
yvA #t > sm i[
a iv s&ir Ni siY[A ii[ n& ir kim{2 gim}
F #t > sm i[
k&i (r cij < i piN)n) g&v_ii s&ir v) {04 gim}
v oir N F i[
j &1
Y
j & 3 : 33 gim
Y i[ j &2
Y
j &3
Y
j yi> # t ni Ä Yipnn) j $(r yit C[
Aii[ yvA .
Ä Yipnn) j $(r yit {31 gim}
yvA i[
piN)n) g&v_ii pr Ä Yipnn) j $(r yit {2 gim}
N yvA i[
21 May 2009
ACT

18. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
CASE STUDY OF BLOCK LEVEL DRINKING WATER PLANING
S
#
viG p¹Fr
i # #
gg)yi[ D m
[
b[ mT)
r i[ Gi ¹
i
v p F
r
® r i
[ m
b [ )
T
S
# CiD i
&
r
r )cij < iT[
m S
# S
#
S
#
S S
# #
S S
# # S SS
# ## S S
# #
S
#
S
#
S
# S S
# #
S
#
S
# S
#
S
#
S
# S# S
#S# S
# #
ni>)yi
g
S
# S SS
# ##
S
# S
#
S
#
> )
g
i i
n y
nl )yi
#
ki[ii
O
#
k&im m t i KD A r i[
v i> L k t spiT)y B& r )y r cni
At
ki>ni Yr i[
p
[ i
O
i
k
#
sm i
D
>
m D
>
s i
ki>ni Yr i[1.5 m
p ). z)Ni diNi viLi[ sig pR
Yr
t[i
r
piN) Fr ivt i[ KDk
c)kN) m - b&
iT) TT& #
nl )yi
i
r
[
t
S
# vt <in p)vini piN)ni[k&i[
m v n )
l y
i
#
S vt <in k&ia i[
m v #
z)Ni diNi viLi[ j L spiT) 3 m). r A ia i[
t
$
sig pR
{10 m
Yr
).}
nd)a i[ j Ki]
u #
K ]
j i
c)kN) miT)
gim s)m
n) i
gim r h[ i>ni (vA ir i[
ni N k t
vt <in spiT)y j L A ii[ i[
m #t K)r sr i
#
mYiLi
i[
[ L
Y
i
mi
b&
TT&
N s& Ä hr cni
(ct y&
vt <in gg)yi D pis[
m [
m r
) r
Ks i
a iv[ k&n&
l v >piepl ienY)
0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Kilometers gimsiY[j i[ iN
D 5 0 5 10 (kl i[ )Tr
m
Percolation tank and Well base Strategy
s&r )
Y
#
k&i - 2
v
a i[ ) u>ieviL i piN) Fr iv) Sk[t vi KD
C D [ ki[ Y
& )
s r
k& u>ie 10.25 m
l D ).
vF& D
u>ieviLi piN) Fr iv) Sk[t [ i KD
v ki[
# #
S S
k&i - 1
v
k& u>ie11.75 m
l D ). piN) n Fr iv) Sk[t [ i KD
v ki[
K& D
a i[
#
S
#
S
k&i - 3
v #
s&ipr
j k& u>ie 7.90 m
l D ). a i
& D
K [
9T bk[
T a [ .T).a l .
f [
< a ir .a [ . 100 m
l ).
t Livm hil m
i> i> s&
(c
Yt i[ piN)ni[ #
S vt <in k&ia i[
m v
Br ivi[
r A ia i[
t
s& KiN[ i&
(ct #> vr sid pC)n& vim piN)n&
> i>
k& > nd)a i[
$
a ir .a [ 96.00 m
l )Tr
gim s)m
n) i
gim r h[ i>ni (vA ir i[
ni N k t
ki>
p vt <in spiT)y j L A ii[ i[
m #t
s& Ä hr cni
(ct y&
vr sid ph[ in& vim piN)n&
l > i>
k& > #
S p)vini piN) m s& k&i[
iT[ (ct v
$ a ir .a [ . 91.00 m
l )Tr s& t Liv s&ir Ni
(ct F
k&i[ 3
v-
d&
PkiLvO i> sid ph[ in&
i< vr
m l > B& A r )y l ix (Nkt i
-B&t
$ k&im piN)n& ir .a [ . 87.9 m
v i> >a l )Tr
k&i[ 2
v- a [ v)f r KD - ki>
k k p
k&i[ 1
v- a [ v)f r KD j iD 14.50 m
k kn) ie )
vr sid ph[ i piN)n& [ l 9.0 m
l >v
l ).
vr sid bid piN)n& vl 4.0 m
>[
l ).
c&ini[p¸Yr
n d&kiLni vP piN)n& [ l 12.10 m
P [
< >v
l ).
Shallow zone development with respect to water table fluctuation in drougnt
spiT)y B& r )y r cni
At
nd)n) r [ )
t
ki>ni Yr i[
p
c)kN) m iT)ni Yr i[
r iJ v t Liv #
Svt <in k&ia i[
m v
r A ia i[
t
nd)a i[
gim s)m
n) i
gim r h[ i>ni (vA ir i[
ni N k t
K)r i>Ni (vA ir
g t vt <in spiT)y j L A ii[ i[
m #t
Csr i s& Ä hr cni
(ct y&
piN)n) a iv s&ir Ni
F
#
S
° #
S p)vini piN) m s& k&i[
iT[ (ct v
s& t Liv s&ir Ni
(ct F
k[ m T^ [ T
c pºT )Tmº
Only Pond base Strategy Through upgrading its catchments
21 May 2009
ACT

19. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
Internship Training Programme
Objective: To enhance capacity of para professional
to lead group of Para professionals, work
independently on management guideline preparation
such as drinking protection guideline, Participatory
irrigation management through dam / well. Can be
withdrawal strategy / technology or knowledge
transfer for decentralized management
Qualification: Should cleared Advance training,
graduates from local (rural) area or Technical
education like engineering, diploma, surveyor etc. or
work experience as Para professional or leadership
quality
Inputs:
Understanding Base
• Use wise management aspects
• Research objectives
• Impact Monitoring
• Social conflict / dimension
• Institutionalization
• Technologies (GIS software etc)
• Decision support system
21 May 2009 Skill Base
ACT
• Preparation guideline

20. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
Drinking water protection Guideline-Village LAKHNIYA
Clayey part eroded and fluvial sand deposited.
This river sand is confined aquifer.
Check dam in upstream is supporting structure for
recharging.
21 May 2009
ACT

21. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
Drinking water protection Guideline-Village DABAN
#
Miyani Dam
#
# Saranvado talav
##
#
Lakharai #
talav
Vinzaniyo #
talav
N
# Water Body
# Well Location
Stream
0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Kilometers
# Gamtal
Ves 1
Village Boundary
#
Ve Thicknes
Basalt Ves 4
Ves 1
# s s of
#
# 1
no. 0-9.6m
aquifer
# Ves 4
Legend
Sattlement
2 0-6.9m
#
#
Sattlement
dw well
#
N
# Ves 1
Village Well Ves 5 3 No zone
x #
Watershed
#
4 0-5.2m
Ves 5
#
200 0 200 400 Meters
21 May 2009 #
Ves 2 # 5 No zoneACT
Ves 2

22. Para Professionals (Bare Foot Workers) Capacity Building Programme
Drinking water protection Guideline-Village KARAMATA
VES Thickness
no. of
1 0-12.4 m
Sandstone
2 0-7 m
3 No zone
4 0-16.6 m
5 0-14 m
Drinking water well
is near ves no 1.
Total depth of well
is 9.6 m, where total
thickness is 12.4 m.
21 May 2009
ACT

23. Status and Activities of Para Workers In Kachchh
From 2005-2009
ACT has given General training to 119 Para Water
Engineers and 48 Para Agriculturists along with
Network Organization (KNNA)
27 Para Water Engineers have gone through
Advance Training
4 Para workers are taking internship training
21 May 2009
ACT

24. Two Team of Para Workers have Emerged in two
Areas
PARAB – In Abadasa Taluka and provides technical
support to Three Organization and Individual
Panchayat / Pani Samiti through Block Level
Decentralized Drinking Water Programme – “Pani
Thiye Panjo”
Pachchham Para Technician Associat (PPT-
Association): Is a team of para water engineer, para
agriculturist and para veterinary
• Have just completed land and water management
as well as animal hunbandary action planning in 66
villages of Pachchham Island - located in Great
Rann.
• Currently working for advocacy part for
implementation of planned activities
21 May 2009
• Also three Para professionals among them have
started small enterprise for fodder management ACT

25. THANKS
yogeshjadeja@gmail.com
www.act-inida.org
21 May 2009
ACT