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SURVEYINGSURVEYING
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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• SurveyorSurveyor
Instrument used to determine the relativeInstrument used to determine the relative
parallelism of two or more surfaces of teeth orparallelism of two or more surfaces of teeth or
other parts of cast of dental arch.other parts of cast of dental arch.
SurveyingSurveying
• An analysis and comparison of the prominenceAn analysis and comparison of the prominence
of intra oral contours associated with theof intra oral contours associated with the
fabrication of prosthesis.fabrication of prosthesis.
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HISTORYHISTORY
• 1918 – A.J.Fortunati1918 – A.J.Fortunati
• 1923 - J.M.Ney – commercial1923 - J.M.Ney – commercial
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PARTS OF THEPARTS OF THE
SURVEYORSURVEYOR
1. Surveying Platform1. Surveying Platform
2. Surveying table2. Surveying table
3. Vertical arm3. Vertical arm
4. Horizontal arm4. Horizontal arm
5. Surveying arm5. Surveying arm
6. Mandrel for holding6. Mandrel for holding
special tools.special tools.
7. Special tools7. Special tools1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Surveying ToolsSurveying Tools
Analysing rod:
To determine
relative
parallelism of
surfaces
on a dental cast
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Graphite/carbon markerGraphite/carbon marker
Marks the
Height of
contour
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Undercut guagesUndercut guages
Measures
amount of
horizontal
undercut
Sizes-
.010, .020, .
030 inches
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Wax trimmersWax trimmers
Used during
blockout
Construction
of
surveyed
restorations
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PURPOSEPURPOSE
• Survey diagnostic castSurvey diagnostic cast
• Survey master castSurvey master cast
• Contour wax patterns & crownsContour wax patterns & crowns
• Place or form intracoronal retainers inPlace or form intracoronal retainers in
crownscrowns
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Surveying diagnostic castSurveying diagnostic cast
• To determine the path ofTo determine the path of
placement/removal of prosthesesplacement/removal of prostheses
oror
• To identify most favourable tiltTo identify most favourable tilt
1. Guiding planes1. Guiding planes
2. Retentive undercuts2. Retentive undercuts
3. Interferences3. Interferences
4. Esthetics4. Esthetics
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Color codingColor coding
Improves communicationImproves communication
between dentist & labbetween dentist & lab
There is not at present aThere is not at present a
universally accepteduniversally accepted
color coding systemcolor coding system
Red,black,blue,brownRed,black,blue,brown
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RedRed
• Required actionRequired action
• Mark teeth & softMark teeth & soft
tissues to betissues to be
prepared,prepared,
recontoured,recontoured,
relievedrelieved
• Rest- solid redRest- solid red
• Diagonal lines-Diagonal lines-
recontourrecontour
• Tripod marksTripod marks
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BlackBlack • DenotesDenotes
survey lines onsurvey lines on
teeth & softteeth & soft
tissuestissues
• Instructions onInstructions on
base-type ofbase-type of
toothtooth
replacement,replacement,
type of clasp,type of clasp,
depth ofdepth of
undercutundercut
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BlueBlue
• Portions thatPortions that
will be made ofwill be made of
acrylic- mostlyacrylic- mostly
denture bases,denture bases,
also acrylicalso acrylic
teethteeth
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BrownBrown
• All metallicAll metallic
portions-portions-
basically allbasically all
componentscomponents
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Occluded diagnostic castsOccluded diagnostic casts
• Proposed restProposed rest
areas indicated onareas indicated on
cast basecast base
• Indicate in redIndicate in red
cuspal relief tocuspal relief to
give clearance forgive clearance for
restrest
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Occluded diagnostic castsOccluded diagnostic casts
• Line on lingualLine on lingual
surface of uppersurface of upper
ant. teethant. teeth
• Incisal limits ofIncisal limits of
metal extensionsmetal extensions
• Gingivo-occlusalGingivo-occlusal
limits of proposedlimits of proposed
rests, IR,rests, IR,
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Orientation of castOrientation of cast
• All casts to beAll casts to be
lower castslower casts
• Occlusal planeOcclusal plane
parallel to baseparallel to base
• Ant. teethAnt. teeth
toward verticaltoward vertical
membermember
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• TiltingTilting is changing the position of the cast,is changing the position of the cast,
which thus changes the long axis of eachwhich thus changes the long axis of each
tooth on the cast relative to the horizontaltooth on the cast relative to the horizontal
plane.plane.
• Responsible for path of insertionResponsible for path of insertion
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Factors affecting tiltFactors affecting tilt
1. Retentive undercuts1. Retentive undercuts
2. Interferences2. Interferences
3. Esthetics3. Esthetics
4. Guiding planes4. Guiding planes
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Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts
• MUST BE PRESENT AT HORIZONTALMUST BE PRESENT AT HORIZONTAL
TILTTILT
Dislodging forces perpendicular to occlusal planeDislodging forces perpendicular to occlusal plane
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Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts
Changing tilt will onlyChanging tilt will only
create an illusion ofcreate an illusion of
undercutundercut
If not, create byIf not, create by
recontouringrecontouring
crownscrowns
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Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts
• Survey line delineatesSurvey line delineates
supra & infra bulgesupra & infra bulge
• Ideally, .010 inch atIdeally, .010 inch at
MB, DB line angle orMB, DB line angle or
midfacial surfacemidfacial surface
• Apical third of clinicalApical third of clinical
crowncrown
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InterferencesInterferences
• TeethTeeth
• Bony prominencesBony prominences
• Soft tissue undercutsSoft tissue undercuts
• ExostosesExostoses
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Maxillary interferencesMaxillary interferences
Palatal torusPalatal torus
• Alter MCAlter MC
designdesign
• SurgerySurgery
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Maxillary interferencesMaxillary interferences
Facial tipping of post. teethFacial tipping of post. teeth
• High survey lineHigh survey line
• Clasp position lessClasp position less
esthetic,more forcesesthetic,more forces
• Gingival tissuesGingival tissues
undercutundercut
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EstheticsEsthetics
• MetalMetal
componentscomponents
concealedconcealed
• Teeth properlyTeeth properly
contoured &contoured &
positionedpositioned
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EstheticsEsthetics
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GuidingGuiding
planesplanes • Formed on proximalFormed on proximal
tooth surfaces,tooth surfaces,
contacted by minorcontacted by minor
connectors/other rigidconnectors/other rigid
elementselements
• Parallel to path ofParallel to path of
placement, 2-4mmplacement, 2-4mm
• Provide stabilityProvide stability
• Ensure predictable claspEnsure predictable clasp
retentionretention
• Protect weakened teethProtect weakened teeth
from destructive lateralfrom destructive lateral
forcesforces
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Guiding planesGuiding planes
Achieved by :
Antero-posterior cast
Tilting
Selective grinding
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Path of insertionPath of insertion
• TiltTilt
determinesdetermines
thisthis
• Parallel toParallel to
vertical armvertical arm
• Recorded-Recorded-
tripodingtripoding
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Path of insertionPath of insertion
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TripodingTripoding
• Record tilt of castRecord tilt of cast
in horizontal planein horizontal plane
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Survey lineSurvey line
• Line produced onLine produced on
a cast by surveyora cast by surveyor
by marking theby marking the
greatestgreatest
prominence ofprominence of
contour in relationcontour in relation
to the planned pathto the planned path
of insertion.of insertion.
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Survey lineSurvey line
• Survey softSurvey soft
tissues also-tissues also-
usage of infrausage of infra
bulge claspsbulge clasps
• 3mm of3mm of
attached tissueattached tissue
bet. Gingivalbet. Gingival
margin & softmargin & soft
tissue surveytissue survey
lineline
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Mark desired undercutMark desired undercut
• Measured withMeasured with
undercut guageundercut guage
• Marked in redMarked in red
2mm long & thin2mm long & thin
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Mark rests in redMark rests in red
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Mark recontouring & reliefMark recontouring & relief
• Evenly spacedEvenly spaced
diagonal linesdiagonal lines
in red-recontourin red-recontour
• Soft tissue reliefSoft tissue relief
–outlined in red–outlined in red
& accompanied& accompanied
by word reliefby word relief
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Outline DB in blueOutline DB in blue
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Outline metal componentsOutline metal components
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Designed
diagnostic
cast
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• Survey & design of diagnostic castSurvey & design of diagnostic cast
• Mouth preparations are doneMouth preparations are done
• Impression is made & master cast pouredImpression is made & master cast poured
• Master cast with designed diagnostic castMaster cast with designed diagnostic cast
sent to labsent to lab
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Surveying Master castSurveying Master cast
• Master cast tripoded in same relation asMaster cast tripoded in same relation as
diagnostic castdiagnostic cast
• Design transfer made after marking surveyDesign transfer made after marking survey
lineslines
• BeadingBeading
• BlockoutBlockout
• ReliefRelief
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BlockoutBlockout
• Elimination of undesirable undercut areasElimination of undesirable undercut areas
• ParallelParallel
• ShapedShaped
• ArbitraryArbitrary
• ReliefRelief
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ParallelParallel
• Could be madeCould be made
with 0,2,6 degreewith 0,2,6 degree
tapered styli –tapered styli –
depends ondepends on
increasedincreased
freedom of movt.freedom of movt.
of prosthesis inof prosthesis in
functionfunction
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Parallel blockoutParallel blockout
• proximal tooth surfacesproximal tooth surfaces
• beneath all minor connectorsbeneath all minor connectors
• tissue undercuts crossed by rigidtissue undercuts crossed by rigid
connectors, origin of bar claspsconnectors, origin of bar clasps
• deep inter proximal spaces to bedeep inter proximal spaces to be
covered by major connectorscovered by major connectors
• beneath bar clasp arms to gingivalbeneath bar clasp arms to gingival
crevicecrevice
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Arbitrary blockoutArbitrary blockout
• All gingival crevicesAll gingival crevices
• Gross tissue undercuts situated belowGross tissue undercuts situated below
areas involved in design of frameworkareas involved in design of framework
• Tissue undercut distal to cast frameworkTissue undercut distal to cast framework
• Labial & buccal tooth & tissue undercutsLabial & buccal tooth & tissue undercuts
not involved in denture designnot involved in denture design
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PURPOSE OF SURVEYINGPURPOSE OF SURVEYING
• Survey diagnostic castSurvey diagnostic cast
• Survey master castSurvey master cast
• Contour wax patterns & crownsContour wax patterns & crowns
• Place or form intracoronal retainers inPlace or form intracoronal retainers in
crownscrowns
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Contour wax patterns &Contour wax patterns &
crownscrowns
• The surveyorThe surveyor
blade is usedblade is used
as a waxas a wax
carver duringcarver during
this phase.this phase.
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PLACING INTERNALPLACING INTERNAL
ATTACHMENTS AND RESTSATTACHMENTS AND RESTS
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Thank youThank you
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Thank you
For more details please visit
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Surveying/ dentistry dental implants

  • 1. SURVEYINGSURVEYING INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 2. • SurveyorSurveyor Instrument used to determine the relativeInstrument used to determine the relative parallelism of two or more surfaces of teeth orparallelism of two or more surfaces of teeth or other parts of cast of dental arch.other parts of cast of dental arch. SurveyingSurveying • An analysis and comparison of the prominenceAn analysis and comparison of the prominence of intra oral contours associated with theof intra oral contours associated with the fabrication of prosthesis.fabrication of prosthesis. www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 3. HISTORYHISTORY • 1918 – A.J.Fortunati1918 – A.J.Fortunati • 1923 - J.M.Ney – commercial1923 - J.M.Ney – commercial www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 4. PARTS OF THEPARTS OF THE SURVEYORSURVEYOR 1. Surveying Platform1. Surveying Platform 2. Surveying table2. Surveying table 3. Vertical arm3. Vertical arm 4. Horizontal arm4. Horizontal arm 5. Surveying arm5. Surveying arm 6. Mandrel for holding6. Mandrel for holding special tools.special tools. 7. Special tools7. Special tools1 2 3 4 5 6 7 www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 6. Surveying ToolsSurveying Tools Analysing rod: To determine relative parallelism of surfaces on a dental cast www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 7. Graphite/carbon markerGraphite/carbon marker Marks the Height of contour www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 8. Undercut guagesUndercut guages Measures amount of horizontal undercut Sizes- .010, .020, . 030 inches www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 9. Wax trimmersWax trimmers Used during blockout Construction of surveyed restorations www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 10. PURPOSEPURPOSE • Survey diagnostic castSurvey diagnostic cast • Survey master castSurvey master cast • Contour wax patterns & crownsContour wax patterns & crowns • Place or form intracoronal retainers inPlace or form intracoronal retainers in crownscrowns www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 11. Surveying diagnostic castSurveying diagnostic cast • To determine the path ofTo determine the path of placement/removal of prosthesesplacement/removal of prostheses oror • To identify most favourable tiltTo identify most favourable tilt 1. Guiding planes1. Guiding planes 2. Retentive undercuts2. Retentive undercuts 3. Interferences3. Interferences 4. Esthetics4. Esthetics www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 12. Color codingColor coding Improves communicationImproves communication between dentist & labbetween dentist & lab There is not at present aThere is not at present a universally accepteduniversally accepted color coding systemcolor coding system Red,black,blue,brownRed,black,blue,brown www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 13. RedRed • Required actionRequired action • Mark teeth & softMark teeth & soft tissues to betissues to be prepared,prepared, recontoured,recontoured, relievedrelieved • Rest- solid redRest- solid red • Diagonal lines-Diagonal lines- recontourrecontour • Tripod marksTripod marks www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 14. BlackBlack • DenotesDenotes survey lines onsurvey lines on teeth & softteeth & soft tissuestissues • Instructions onInstructions on base-type ofbase-type of toothtooth replacement,replacement, type of clasp,type of clasp, depth ofdepth of undercutundercut www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 15. BlueBlue • Portions thatPortions that will be made ofwill be made of acrylic- mostlyacrylic- mostly denture bases,denture bases, also acrylicalso acrylic teethteeth www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 16. BrownBrown • All metallicAll metallic portions-portions- basically allbasically all componentscomponents www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 17. Occluded diagnostic castsOccluded diagnostic casts • Proposed restProposed rest areas indicated onareas indicated on cast basecast base • Indicate in redIndicate in red cuspal relief tocuspal relief to give clearance forgive clearance for restrest www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 18. Occluded diagnostic castsOccluded diagnostic casts • Line on lingualLine on lingual surface of uppersurface of upper ant. teethant. teeth • Incisal limits ofIncisal limits of metal extensionsmetal extensions • Gingivo-occlusalGingivo-occlusal limits of proposedlimits of proposed rests, IR,rests, IR, www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 19. Orientation of castOrientation of cast • All casts to beAll casts to be lower castslower casts • Occlusal planeOcclusal plane parallel to baseparallel to base • Ant. teethAnt. teeth toward verticaltoward vertical membermember www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 20. • TiltingTilting is changing the position of the cast,is changing the position of the cast, which thus changes the long axis of eachwhich thus changes the long axis of each tooth on the cast relative to the horizontaltooth on the cast relative to the horizontal plane.plane. • Responsible for path of insertionResponsible for path of insertion www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 21. Factors affecting tiltFactors affecting tilt 1. Retentive undercuts1. Retentive undercuts 2. Interferences2. Interferences 3. Esthetics3. Esthetics 4. Guiding planes4. Guiding planes www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 22. Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts • MUST BE PRESENT AT HORIZONTALMUST BE PRESENT AT HORIZONTAL TILTTILT Dislodging forces perpendicular to occlusal planeDislodging forces perpendicular to occlusal plane www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 23. Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts Changing tilt will onlyChanging tilt will only create an illusion ofcreate an illusion of undercutundercut If not, create byIf not, create by recontouringrecontouring crownscrowns www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 24. Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts • Survey line delineatesSurvey line delineates supra & infra bulgesupra & infra bulge • Ideally, .010 inch atIdeally, .010 inch at MB, DB line angle orMB, DB line angle or midfacial surfacemidfacial surface • Apical third of clinicalApical third of clinical crowncrown www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 25. InterferencesInterferences • TeethTeeth • Bony prominencesBony prominences • Soft tissue undercutsSoft tissue undercuts • ExostosesExostoses www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 26. Maxillary interferencesMaxillary interferences Palatal torusPalatal torus • Alter MCAlter MC designdesign • SurgerySurgery www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 27. Maxillary interferencesMaxillary interferences Facial tipping of post. teethFacial tipping of post. teeth • High survey lineHigh survey line • Clasp position lessClasp position less esthetic,more forcesesthetic,more forces • Gingival tissuesGingival tissues undercutundercut www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 28. EstheticsEsthetics • MetalMetal componentscomponents concealedconcealed • Teeth properlyTeeth properly contoured &contoured & positionedpositioned www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 30. GuidingGuiding planesplanes • Formed on proximalFormed on proximal tooth surfaces,tooth surfaces, contacted by minorcontacted by minor connectors/other rigidconnectors/other rigid elementselements • Parallel to path ofParallel to path of placement, 2-4mmplacement, 2-4mm • Provide stabilityProvide stability • Ensure predictable claspEnsure predictable clasp retentionretention • Protect weakened teethProtect weakened teeth from destructive lateralfrom destructive lateral forcesforces www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 31. Guiding planesGuiding planes Achieved by : Antero-posterior cast Tilting Selective grinding www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 32. Path of insertionPath of insertion • TiltTilt determinesdetermines thisthis • Parallel toParallel to vertical armvertical arm • Recorded-Recorded- tripodingtripoding www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 33. Path of insertionPath of insertion www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 34. TripodingTripoding • Record tilt of castRecord tilt of cast in horizontal planein horizontal plane www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 37. Survey lineSurvey line • Line produced onLine produced on a cast by surveyora cast by surveyor by marking theby marking the greatestgreatest prominence ofprominence of contour in relationcontour in relation to the planned pathto the planned path of insertion.of insertion. www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 38. Survey lineSurvey line • Survey softSurvey soft tissues also-tissues also- usage of infrausage of infra bulge claspsbulge clasps • 3mm of3mm of attached tissueattached tissue bet. Gingivalbet. Gingival margin & softmargin & soft tissue surveytissue survey lineline www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 39. Mark desired undercutMark desired undercut • Measured withMeasured with undercut guageundercut guage • Marked in redMarked in red 2mm long & thin2mm long & thin www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 40. Mark rests in redMark rests in red www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 41. Mark recontouring & reliefMark recontouring & relief • Evenly spacedEvenly spaced diagonal linesdiagonal lines in red-recontourin red-recontour • Soft tissue reliefSoft tissue relief –outlined in red–outlined in red & accompanied& accompanied by word reliefby word relief www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 42. Outline DB in blueOutline DB in blue www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 43. Outline metal componentsOutline metal components www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 45. • Survey & design of diagnostic castSurvey & design of diagnostic cast • Mouth preparations are doneMouth preparations are done • Impression is made & master cast pouredImpression is made & master cast poured • Master cast with designed diagnostic castMaster cast with designed diagnostic cast sent to labsent to lab www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 46. Surveying Master castSurveying Master cast • Master cast tripoded in same relation asMaster cast tripoded in same relation as diagnostic castdiagnostic cast • Design transfer made after marking surveyDesign transfer made after marking survey lineslines • BeadingBeading • BlockoutBlockout • ReliefRelief www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 47. BlockoutBlockout • Elimination of undesirable undercut areasElimination of undesirable undercut areas • ParallelParallel • ShapedShaped • ArbitraryArbitrary • ReliefRelief www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 48. ParallelParallel • Could be madeCould be made with 0,2,6 degreewith 0,2,6 degree tapered styli –tapered styli – depends ondepends on increasedincreased freedom of movt.freedom of movt. of prosthesis inof prosthesis in functionfunction www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 49. Parallel blockoutParallel blockout • proximal tooth surfacesproximal tooth surfaces • beneath all minor connectorsbeneath all minor connectors • tissue undercuts crossed by rigidtissue undercuts crossed by rigid connectors, origin of bar claspsconnectors, origin of bar clasps • deep inter proximal spaces to bedeep inter proximal spaces to be covered by major connectorscovered by major connectors • beneath bar clasp arms to gingivalbeneath bar clasp arms to gingival crevicecrevice www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 51. Arbitrary blockoutArbitrary blockout • All gingival crevicesAll gingival crevices • Gross tissue undercuts situated belowGross tissue undercuts situated below areas involved in design of frameworkareas involved in design of framework • Tissue undercut distal to cast frameworkTissue undercut distal to cast framework • Labial & buccal tooth & tissue undercutsLabial & buccal tooth & tissue undercuts not involved in denture designnot involved in denture design www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 53. PURPOSE OF SURVEYINGPURPOSE OF SURVEYING • Survey diagnostic castSurvey diagnostic cast • Survey master castSurvey master cast • Contour wax patterns & crownsContour wax patterns & crowns • Place or form intracoronal retainers inPlace or form intracoronal retainers in crownscrowns www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 54. Contour wax patterns &Contour wax patterns & crownscrowns • The surveyorThe surveyor blade is usedblade is used as a waxas a wax carver duringcarver during this phase.this phase. www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 55. PLACING INTERNALPLACING INTERNAL ATTACHMENTS AND RESTSATTACHMENTS AND RESTS www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 68. Thank you For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com