The era of dental ceramics/ dentistry dental implants

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

METAL CERAMICS
METAL FREE CERAMICS

 What is a core?

 The aluminous core
 Glass infused ceramic core
 Zirconium Dioxide (zirconia) cores
 Y-TZP cores

General ClassificationGeneral Classification
1.Conventional powder ceramics
2.Castable ceramics
3.Pressable ceramics
4.Infiltrated ceramics
5.Machinable ceramics

Conventional powder Ceramics
These products are supplied as
powders to which the technician
adds distilled water to produce a
slurry, which is build up in layers
on a refractory die/ platinum foil
to form the contours of the
restoration.
The powders are available in
different shades and
translucencies, and are supplied
with characterizing stains and
glazes.

e.g. OPTEC H.S.P (Jeneric/Pentron)
DUCERAM L.F.C (Ducera Inc)
Vita Hi-Ceram (Vita Zahnfabrik)
 Esthetic.
 High strength.
 But no good fit,
 Only anteriors

Castable Ceramics
These products are supplied as
solid ceramic ingots, which are
used for fabrication of cores or
full contour restorations using
a lost wax and centrifugal
casting technique.
Followed by heat-treatment to
precipitate a crystalline phase

e.g. DICOR (Corning glass, Dentsply).
CERAPEARL (Bioceram, Kyocera)
 Low abrassiveness
 Time consuming

Pressable Ceramics
These are also supplied as
ingots, these product are
melted at higher
temperatures [11500
c] and
pressed into a mould using
a lost wax technique.
These pressed form can be
made into full contour, or
can be used as a substrate
for conventional
feldspathic porcelain
buildup

leucite based
e.g. IPS Empress I (Ivoclar vivadent)
OPC (Optec Pressable Ceramic)
ALCERAM (Cerestore, Innotek dental corp)
Lithium disilicate based
IPS Empress 2*
Optec OPS 3G

Leucite – KAlSi2O6
Low leucite High leucite
 used for reinforcement of feldspathic dental
porcelains
 Varies from 35%-50% by volume
Flexural strength – 120 Mpa
tetragonal configuration cubic polymorph->tetragonal configuration

Mechanical Strength is Insufficient for
construction of All Ceramic Bridges
Crowns
Inlays
Veneers
 Good marginal fit

lithium disilicate
 pre-cerammed
 interlocking nature of the crystals + high density
high flexural strength.
Highly translucent because of the high optical
compatibility between the crystals
The glassy matrix minimizes internal scattering of
light.

 Strongest of all the glass ceramics (~350-
450MPa).
 New layering ceramic an apatite glass
ceramic is used
 Crowns for molars.
 Anterior three unit bridges.

Infiltrated Ceramics
These are glass infiltrated
core ceramics. This involves
slip casting technique for
making the core,
The contours of the
restoration are obtained by
individual layering and
staining techniques.
Refractory die
Packing slurry
sintering www.indiandentalacademy.com

e.g. In-CERAM
Alumina
Zirconia
Spinell
sintering
packing

Most Translucent
The strength is about three - four times more greater
than earlier alumina core materials[350 mpa].
Marginal fit reported to be very good.
INCERAM spinell

 Polycrystalline ceramic with out any glass
component
 Three crystallographic forms
 Monoclinic [<1170]
 Tetragonal [>1170]
 Cubic [>2370]
Zirconia

High strength through very small grains

INCERAM ZIRCONIA
Glass-infiltrated Alumina with 35% partially stabilized Zirconia
core
Good Marginal Fit
High strength of 700 Mpa
Fracture toughness- 6-8 Mpa.m1/2
Posterior Crowns and FPDs, Post & Core, Implants
Strongest And Toughest Of Available Ceramics

Machinable Ceramics
These products are supplied as ingots in various
shades and are milled into desired form. These
machined restorations can be stained and glazed
to obtain desired characterization.

a ceramic restoration
fabricated by use of a
computer aided design -
computer aided milling
a process of milling a
structure using a device that
traces the surface of a metal,
ceramic or a polymer
pattern and transfers the
traced spatial positions to a
cutting station.
C A D -C A M C e r a m ic s C o p y -M il l e d C e r a m ic s
M ac h in a ble C er am ic s

CAD-CAM
 DCS–PRESIDENT -1991
 AUTO MILL – 1994
 CEREC 2 – 1994
 CEREC 3 – 2000
 PROCERA
 LAVA
 CERCON
COPY MILLING
 CELAY – 1991
 PRO CAM - 1996

CAD – CAM Devices:
 DIRECT:
Fully integrated CAD – CAM devices for chair
side restorative approach. CAD & CAM
stations are located at the dental office.
 INDIRECT:
System that consists of several modules with at
least, distinctive CAD & CAM stations.

MATERIALS
 Silicate Ceramics
 Aluminium oxide ceramics with glass
infiltration.
 Aluminium oxide ceramics with dense
sintering.
 Titanium.
 Precious alloys
 Non precious alloys

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The era of dental ceramics/ dentistry dental implants

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