Anatomy of the Nose

ANATOMY OF
NOSE
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com


INTRODUCTION
• Nose performs two functions:
- Respiratory passage
-Organ of smell
• Receptors of smell are placed in the upper one
third of the nasal cavity and this is lined by
respiratory mucosa.
• This Mucosa is highly vascular and warms the
Inspired air.
• The secretions of the serous glands make the air
moist and secretions of the mucous glands trap
dust and other particles.

NASAL CAVITY
• It extends from the Nostrils to the posterior Nasal
apertures.
• It is divided into right and left half by Nasal septum.
• Each half has- Roof, Floor, Lateral & Medial walls
• The Middle horizontal part is formed by the Cribriform plate
of the Ethmoid.
• The anterior slope is formed by the Nasal part of Frontal
bone, Nasal bone &Nasal cartilages.
•

The Floor is formed by the Palatine process of Maxilla
&Horizontal plate of Palatine bone

NASAL SEPTUM
• It is a Osteo cartilagineous partition b/w the two
halves, which form the medial wall of both
cavities.
• Bony part is formed by:
- Vomer
- Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid
• Cartilagenous part is formed by:
-Septal cartilage
-Septal process of Inf nasal cartls

• Cuticular part (lower end) is formed
by Fibro fatty tissue, covered by
skin.
• Lower margin of the septum is called
as Columella.
• Nasal septum is strictly median,if at
all is deflected, is produced by the
over growth of one or more
constituent parts.

BLOOD SUPPLY
• Ant sup part :- Ant Ethmoidal artery
-Sup Lab branch of Facial
artery
• Postero Inf part:- Sphenlpalatine artery
• Ant Inf part( vestibule):-Anast b/w Lab branch of
Facial artery and Sphenopalatine artery.
•

This is common site of Bleeding from Nose
(EPISTAXIS), known as Littles area/
Kiesselbach’s area

LITTLE’S AREA


VENOUS DRAINAGE
• The veins form a Plexus in the lower part
of the septum- LITTLES AREA
• The plexus drains anteriorly into facial
vein and post by Sphenopalatine vein to
Pterygoid venous plexus.
• Lymphatic drainage:
Ant half: by submandibular nodes.
Post half: to the retro pharyngeal &
deep cervical nodes.

NERVE SUPPLY
• General sensory nerves: Trigeminal
nerve.
A) Ant sup part :- Int nasal branch of Ant
Ethmoidal nerve
B)Post Inf part :-Nasopalatine branch of
Pterygopalatine ganglion.

• Special sensory nerves (Olfactory) are
confined to upper part (Olfactory area)

LATERAL WALL OF NOSE
• It contains 3 bony projections called
CONCHAE, these increase the surface
area for effective conditioning of the air.
• Lateral wall separates the Nose from:
A) Orbit above by Ethmoidal air
sinus
B) Max sinus below
C) Lacrimal groove &Naso lacrimal
canal in front

• It can be subdivided into 3 parts:A) small depressed area in the
ant area called Vestibule, lined by
modified skin containing short stiff
curved hairs called Vibrissae.
B) Middle part is known as the
Atrium of the middle meatus.
C)Post part contains Conchae,
spaces separating Conchae are
called Meatus.

• Skeleton of Lateral wall:- partly bony &
partly Cartilagenous.

• Bony part:- Nasal, Frontal process of Max,
Lacrimal, Labrinth of Ethmoid with sup and
middle conchae, Inf nasal concha,
Perpendicular plate of Palatine bone
together with Orbital and Sphenoidal
process, and medial pterygoid plate.
• Cartilaginous part:- Upper & Lower nasal
cartilage, 3 or 4 small cartilages of ala.

NASAL BONE

MIDDLE NASAL
CHONCHA

NASAL SPINE
SUP
NASAL
CHONCHA

NASAL SEPTUM

• Cuticular part:- is formed by the fibro fatty
tissue covered with skin. It contains:-

A)Nasal concha- 3 in nos
1)Inf concha-is an independent bone
2)Middle concha- projections from the
medial surface of the Ethmoidal labyrinth
3)Sup concha- also a projection from
Ethmoidal labyrinth

• B) Meatus of the Nose:- They are the passages
beneath the over hanging concha.
1)Inf meatus- it is the largest and lies underneath
the Inf conchae. Naso-lacrimal duct opens into it,
the opening is guarded by the Hasners valve/
Lacrimal fold.
2)Middle meatus- lies underneath the middle
concha, contains:
-Ethmoidal bulla
-Hiatus Semilunaris
-Infundibulum
-Opening of Frontal air sinus
-Opening of Max air sinus
-Openingwww.indiandentalacademy.com
of Middle Ethmoidal sinus

ATRERIAL SUPPLY
• Ant Sup quadrant:- Ant Ethmoidal artery,
assisted by Post Ethmoidal and Facial
arteries.
• Ant Inf quadrant:-Branches of Facial and
Gr palatine artery
• Post Sup quadrant:-Sphenopalatine artery
• Post Inf quadrant:-Branches of Gr Palatine
artery

• Venous drainage:- Form a Plexus which
drains Ant into Facial vein, Post into
Pharyngeal Plaexus of veins, and middle
into Pterygoid Plexus of veins.

NERVE SUPPLY
• General sensory nerves:- from Trigeminal
nerve
1)Ant Sup quadrant- Ant Ethmoidal
nerve(branch of Ophthalmic nerve)
2)Ant Inf quadrant-Ant Sup alveolar
nerve(Max nerve)
3)Post Sup quadrant-Post Sup lateral
nasal nerve from Pterygopalatine
ganglion( max nerve)
4)Post inf quadrant-Ant Palatine branch
from Pterygopalatine ganglion( Max nerve)

• Special sensory nerve (Olfactory):They are distributed to the upper part of the
Lat wall just below the Cribriform plate of
the Ethmoid upto the Sup Conchae.
Note:- All Olfactory mucosa lies partly on nasal septum
and Lateral wall.

• Lymphatic drainage:- Ant half

passes
to the Submandibular nodes, Post half Retro Pharyngeal, and upper deep cervical
nodes.

OLFACTORY MUCOSA


APPLIED ANATOMY
• TRAUMA:- fractures involving nasal
bones are common. due to the direct
blow nasal bones are displaced
downward and inward.
• Lateral fractures also occur in which
one nasal bone is driven inward and
the other outward.
• Nasal septum is usually involved.

• INFECTION:- common cold(rhinitis) is
the commonest infection of the nose.
• Hypertrophy of mucosa over the inferior
nasal concha is a common feature of
allergic rhinitis characterized by
sneezing blockage and excessive
discharge from nose.
• Infection of nasal cavity can spread in a
variety of directions. Paranasal sinuses
are especially prone to infection.
• Organisms may spread via the nasal part
of the pharynx and the auditory tube to
the middle ear

• It is also possible to ascend to the meninges of
the anterior cranial fossa, along the sheaths of
the olfactory nerves through the cibriform
plate, and produce meningitis.
• Dangerous area of face:- deep connections of
the facial vein include a) comm between
supraorbital and superior opthalamic veins
b) with the pterygoid venous plexus through
the deep facial vein. The facial vein comm with
the cavernous sinus through these
connections.
Infections of the upper lip and in lower part of
the nose can spread in retrograde direction
and cause thrombosis of the cavarnous sinus.

DANGEROUS AREA OF THE
FACE


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Anatomy of the Nose

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