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INDIA: LESSON V
South India and Jungle Cultures
As we move South and West through India, the
dry, arid deserts and great plains become jungle

                       In this lesson, we will be looking at the two
                       southern states of Kerala and Tamil
                       Nadu, each with their own distinctive culture
                       and particularly interesting architectural
                       tradition.
The jungle stretches for many thousands of
miles, and is thick and dense, and yet cultures
have grown out of it. How do people live in this
environment? Building houses comes with many
dangers….
However, the jungle offers many, many building
materials which people have used in many ways
You have three options to choose from…
• The Canopy (in the trees, above the jungle floor

• The jungle floor, beneath the trees

• In the swamps and rivers



• Now, in small groups, think of the advantages and disadvantages of
  these places, and how you would build a home here. What materials
  would you use? How would you use them? Why?
• Fill in the worksheet, and quickly design a jungle home and say
  which materials you are using and why (think of the properties)
The traditional form of living in the backwaters
and swamps of Kerala was and is the Kettuvallam

                                      These houses are
                                      MULTIFUNCTIONAL.
                                      What functions do
                                      they have? Have
                                      these functions
                                      changed with
                                      modern times?
Unlike the barren deserts of last week, the jungle
is incredibly fertile…
• What does this mean?
• What industries could have grown from the jungle, and still exist
  today?
• What new industries have been developed here?
• How has the modern world affected these jobs and industries?
What is this? How has this affected the jungles?
Why do western tourists come to the Keralan
jungles? Why is it also so popular with Indian
tourists, too?




   IS TOURISM GOOD FOR THE JUNGLE? WHAT ADVANTAGES AND
   DISADVANTAGES DOES IT BRING? DOES IT AFFECT ARCHITECTURE?
Fort Cochin/Kochi – the great Keralan city
• Kochi (formerly Fort Cochin) is undoubtedly the most popular and
  successful industrial town in the state of Kerala. As the capital of
  the communist state of Kerala, it has grown rich by combining the
  traditional industries of fishing and coconut and wood trade with
  modern tourism, and offering some of the most interesting aspects
  of traditional Indian music, dance and cusine.

                                                   The most famous icons of
                                                   Kochi – what are they?
                                                   How do they work?
Architecturally, Kochi is…unusual for India




Typical buildings of Kochi. What is
so unusual about these buildings?
Where do they look like they
should be? Why? How?
The most southern part of India is in the state of
Tamil Nadu
• Tamil Nadu has never really been ‚part’ of India – they have always
  seen themselves as ‚Tamil’, not ‚Indian’ – why might this be?
• Their language, their religion, their architecture, their culture in
  general is unlike any found elsewhere in India.
• Perhaps this is because they have always been a jungle
  culture, building their cities from the jungle itself, protected from
  other cultures and peoples by hundreds of kilometres of forest and
  mountains.
• Any ideas of how their religion might look? What might their
  temples be like? Why?
The most popular deity in Southern India…
                        What icons can we see? What do
                        they represent?




                           Ganesh is the god of ‚plenty’ –
                           he is fat, rich and surrounded
                           by fruits and sweets. He is also
                           the god of travellers, and he is
                           the ‚clearer of paths’ – why
                           would this be important for a
                           god of the jungle?
Madurai and the Meenakshi Temple Complex

                                  What are the
                                  obvious
                                  differences
                                  between these
                                  temples and the
                                  ones we have seen
                                  before? Why might
                                  this be?


                                  Read your
                                  information on the
                                  components of the
                                  temple, and tell the
                                  class when you see
                                  ‚your’ picture….
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
The Future of Kerala and South India – tourist
haven and horrible modernism… is there
anything good about this? Is there a better way?

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Lesson 5

  • 1. INDIA: LESSON V South India and Jungle Cultures
  • 2. As we move South and West through India, the dry, arid deserts and great plains become jungle In this lesson, we will be looking at the two southern states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, each with their own distinctive culture and particularly interesting architectural tradition.
  • 3. The jungle stretches for many thousands of miles, and is thick and dense, and yet cultures have grown out of it. How do people live in this environment? Building houses comes with many dangers….
  • 4. However, the jungle offers many, many building materials which people have used in many ways
  • 5. You have three options to choose from… • The Canopy (in the trees, above the jungle floor • The jungle floor, beneath the trees • In the swamps and rivers • Now, in small groups, think of the advantages and disadvantages of these places, and how you would build a home here. What materials would you use? How would you use them? Why? • Fill in the worksheet, and quickly design a jungle home and say which materials you are using and why (think of the properties)
  • 6. The traditional form of living in the backwaters and swamps of Kerala was and is the Kettuvallam These houses are MULTIFUNCTIONAL. What functions do they have? Have these functions changed with modern times?
  • 7. Unlike the barren deserts of last week, the jungle is incredibly fertile… • What does this mean? • What industries could have grown from the jungle, and still exist today? • What new industries have been developed here? • How has the modern world affected these jobs and industries?
  • 8. What is this? How has this affected the jungles?
  • 9. Why do western tourists come to the Keralan jungles? Why is it also so popular with Indian tourists, too? IS TOURISM GOOD FOR THE JUNGLE? WHAT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES DOES IT BRING? DOES IT AFFECT ARCHITECTURE?
  • 10. Fort Cochin/Kochi – the great Keralan city • Kochi (formerly Fort Cochin) is undoubtedly the most popular and successful industrial town in the state of Kerala. As the capital of the communist state of Kerala, it has grown rich by combining the traditional industries of fishing and coconut and wood trade with modern tourism, and offering some of the most interesting aspects of traditional Indian music, dance and cusine. The most famous icons of Kochi – what are they? How do they work?
  • 11. Architecturally, Kochi is…unusual for India Typical buildings of Kochi. What is so unusual about these buildings? Where do they look like they should be? Why? How?
  • 12. The most southern part of India is in the state of Tamil Nadu • Tamil Nadu has never really been ‚part’ of India – they have always seen themselves as ‚Tamil’, not ‚Indian’ – why might this be? • Their language, their religion, their architecture, their culture in general is unlike any found elsewhere in India. • Perhaps this is because they have always been a jungle culture, building their cities from the jungle itself, protected from other cultures and peoples by hundreds of kilometres of forest and mountains. • Any ideas of how their religion might look? What might their temples be like? Why?
  • 13. The most popular deity in Southern India… What icons can we see? What do they represent? Ganesh is the god of ‚plenty’ – he is fat, rich and surrounded by fruits and sweets. He is also the god of travellers, and he is the ‚clearer of paths’ – why would this be important for a god of the jungle?
  • 14. Madurai and the Meenakshi Temple Complex What are the obvious differences between these temples and the ones we have seen before? Why might this be? Read your information on the components of the temple, and tell the class when you see ‚your’ picture….
  • 19. The Future of Kerala and South India – tourist haven and horrible modernism… is there anything good about this? Is there a better way?