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Hydronic System Piping Design Presented by: Dan Watkins, LEED AP Bornquist, Inc.
Topics to Cover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics SOURCE LOAD In a Hydronic System
Hydronic  System Basics SOURCE LOAD Source & Load connected by piping
Hydronic  System Basics SOURCE LOAD Fluid is circulated by a pump
Hydronic  System Basics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Boiler 200,000 BTUh AHU Coil 20 GPM Boiler = 5’ TDH AHU = 10’ TDH Piping = ???
Hydronic  System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Rule of Thumb… Length x 1.5 to account for elbows and fittings. 2.94’ per 100’ of piping 100’ x 1.5 = 150’ 1.5 x 2.94’ = 4.41’ TDH
Hydronic  System Basics Let’s design a simple system together! Boiler 200,000 BTUh AHU Coil 20 GPM Boiler = 5’ TDH AHU = 10’ TDH Piping = 4.41’ TDH System Capacity: 20 GPM @ 19.41’
Hydronic  System Basics
Hydronic  System Basics GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 RPM 2 RPM 1 HEAD 1 HP 2 HP 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 HP 2 HP 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 HEAD 1 Affinity Laws 2 2 3 3 = = = = =
Hydronic  System Basics ,[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics ,[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics ,[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics NPSHA & NPSHR P NPSHA P B Foot Check - (FC) h L Strainer - (S) P P P NPSHA  = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-h L ) + (-P P ) + (-S)  Pipe Pressure Drop
Hydronic  System Basics P NPSHA P B Foot Check - (FC) 10’ Strainer - (S) 8’ P NPSHA  = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-h L ) + (-P P ) + (-S)  Pipe Pressure Drop P B - 14.7 PSI (34’) P NPSHA  = (+34) + (-4) + (-10) + (-8) + (-3)  P NPSHA  = 9’   NPSHA & NPSHR - Suction Lift
Hydronic  System Basics NPSHA & NPSHR - Flooded Suction P NPSHA 8’ Pipe Pressure Drop P B - 14.7 PSI (34’) Strainer - (S) 10’ P B P NPSHA  = (+P B ) + (-FC) + (-h L ) + (-P P ) + (-S)  P NPSHA  = (+34) + (-4) + (+10) + (-8) + (-3)  P NPSHA  = 29’
Total system HEAD & FLOW requirements through two parallel pumps Total System Head 1/2 Total Flow 1/2 Total Flow Hydronic  System Basics Parallel Pumps
Two pumps in operation Each pump Head (ft) Flow (gpm) Hydronic  System Basics Parallel Pumps
Total system HEAD & FLOW requirements through two series pumps Total System Flow 1/2 Total Head 1/2 Total Head Hydronic  System Basics Series Pumps
Hydronic  System Design Flow (gpm) Two pumps in operation Each pump Head (ft) Series Pumps
Hydronic  System Types ,[object Object]
Hydronic  System Types Closed Loop System
Hydronic  System Types Direct Return System
Hydronic  System Types Reverse Return System
Primary – Secondary Piping ,[object Object]
Primary – Secondary Piping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary – Secondary Piping Basic Example
Primary – Secondary Piping Flow in the Common Pipe
Primary – Secondary Piping Finite Analysis of Common Piping Primary Return Secondary Return Secondary Supply Primary Supply
Primary – Secondary Piping Law of the Tees
Primary – Secondary Piping ,[object Object],[object Object]
Primary – Secondary Piping Cross-over Bridge Piping - Underslung
Primary – Secondary Piping Cross-over Bridge Piping - Overhead
Primary – Secondary Piping Correct Pump Location
Primary – Secondary Piping INCORRECT Pump Location
Primary – Secondary Piping What is the Flow Rate in the Common Pipe?
Primary – Secondary Piping What is the Flow Rate in the Common Pipe?
Primary – Secondary Piping Injection Pump Systems
Primary – Secondary Piping 3-Way Valve Systems
Primary – Secondary Piping 2-Way Valve Systems
Primary – Secondary Piping Fixed Temperature Control
Primary – Secondary Piping Modulating Temperature Control
Primary – Secondary Piping Modulating Temperature Control
Variable Flow / Variable Speed
Variable Flow Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Variable Flow Systems Constant Flow System
Variable Flow Systems Constant Speed - Variable Flow System
Variable Flow Systems Variable Volume System HP
Variable Flow Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hydronic  System Basics GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 RPM 2 RPM 1 HEAD 1 HP 2 HP 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 1 HP 2 HP 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 GPM 2 GPM 1 HEAD 2 HEAD 1 Affinity Laws 2 2 3 3 = = = = =
Variable Flow Systems 12.5HP 1800 RPM 1.6HP 950 RPM HP 2 12.5 = 900 1800 3 HP 1  = 1.6 HP
Variable Flow Systems
Variable Flow Systems
Variable Flow Systems SOURCE SOURCE System Criteria 2 - 100 Ton Chillers 2 - 300 GPM @ 100’ Pumps Pumps 2 - 20HP No Standby System Pressure Drop Total of 75’   P Chiller Pressure Drop Total of 25’   P TOTAL INSTALLED HP - 40 HP LIMITED VARIABLE VOLUME -  30% MAX HP REDUCTION
Variable Flow Systems SOURCE SOURCE System Criteria 2 - 100 Ton Chillers 2 - 300 GPM @ 25’ Pumps 2 - 300 GPM @ 80’ Pumps Primary Pumps 2 - 3HP Secondary Pressure Drop Total of 80’   P Primary Pressure Drop Total of 25’   P Secondary Pumps 2 - 10 HP Running Standby TOTAL INSTALLED HP - 26 HP  2 - 10 HP VFDs w/ STAGING REQ’D
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Sensor Across Coil Typical Setting Equals Design Pressure Drop Across the Coil, Control Valve, and Circuit Setter.  Coil 10 - 15’ P.D. Control Valve 10 - 15’ P.D. Typical Total P.D. 20 -30’
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – INCORRECT
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – INCORRECT
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Correct
Variable Flow Systems DP Sensor Location – Correct
System Examples Chilled Water – Direct Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Chilled Water – Reverse Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Boiler Water – Direct Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Boiler Water – Reverse Return with Variable Speed
System Examples Primary – Secondary - Tertiary
System Examples Primary – Secondary Zone Pumping
System Examples Campus / District – Primary – Secondary - Tertiary
Special System Piping
Chilled Water Piping Examples
Tenant Use Pumps Tower Condenser Tenant Unit Tenant Unit Main Building Chiller
Tenant Use Pumps PDt Main Building Chiller Hst Ht PDrp PDsp PDs PDpt PDc PDt - Tower Pressure Drop PDsp - Suction Pipe Pressure Drop PDs - Strainer Pressure Drop PDpt - Pump Trim Pressure Drop PDc - Condenser Pressure Drop PDrp - Return Pipe Pressure Drop Ht - Tower Height - Static Lift Hst - Building Static Height Condenser
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ PDrp - 8’ PDsp - 8’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ ONLY STATIC PRESSURE SEEN AT PRESSURE GAUGE ON SUCTION OF PUMP P1 -  43 PSI   Pump OFF Condenser P1 P2
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ PDrp - 8’ PDsp - 8’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ SUCTION SIDE OF PUMP - STATIC PRESSURE MINUS PDsp. AND MINUS PDs P1 >> 100’ - 8’ - 3’ =  38.5 PSI  DISCHARGE SIDE OF PUMP - SUCTION PRESSURE PLUS PUMP HEAD (75’) P2 >> 38.5 PSI + 75’ =  71 PSI Pump On Pump Head = PDsp + PDs + PDpt + PDc + PDrp + Ht + PDt Condenser P1 P2
Tenant Use Pumps PDt Main Building Chiller Hst Ht PDrpa PDspa PDs PDpt PDc Ht - Tower Height - Static Lift Hst - Building Static Height PDspb PDrpb Hsta Hstb PDtenant PDt - Tower Pressure Drop PDspa - Suction Pipe Pressure Drop a Length PDspb - Suction Pipe Pressure Drop b Length PDs - Strainer Pressure Drop PDpt - Pump Trim Pressure Drop PDc - Condenser Pressure Drop PDrpa - Return Pipe Pressure Drop a Length PDrp b- Return Pipe Pressure Drop b Length Pdtenant - Tenant Loop Total Pressure Drop Condenser Tenant Unit
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ Pdrpa - 6’ Pdspa - 6’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ PDspb - 2’ PDrpb - 2’ Hsta - 80’ Hstb - 20’ Pdtenant - 25’ Tenant Pump Off - Main Pump On P3 - STATIC PRESSURE A  MINUS PDspa.  P3 >> 80’ - 6’  =  32 PSI  P4 - DISCHARGE SIDE OF PUMP - SUCTION PRESSURE PLUS PUMP HEAD (75’) MINUS PRESSURE DROPS P4 >> 71PSI - 6’ - 25’ - 20’ - 2’  =  48PSI Difference P3 - P4 = 16 PSI (37’) Condenser Tenant Unit P3 P4
Tenant Use Pumps PDt - 15’ Main Building Chiller Hst - 100’ Ht - 10’ Pdrpa - 6’ Pdspa - 6’ PDs - 3’ PDpt - 6’ PDc - 25’ PDspb - 2’ PDrpb - 2’ Hsta - 80’ Hstb - 20’ Pdtenant - 25’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tennant Pump Head = Pdtenant + 37’ = 25’ + 37’ = 62’ Condenser Tenant Unit P3 P4
Tenant Use Pumps Tenant Use Pumps Must be with the rest of the condenser water pumping system in mind.  Never size a tenant use system, for only the tenant loop pressure drop.   Typical Pump Size   15 GPM @ 100’ TDH Tower Condenser Tenant Unit Tenant Unit Main Building Chiller
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Chiller Water Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
Boiler Piping Examples
 
Hybrid Boiler System
Boiler Piping Examples
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questions???
Thanks!

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Hydronic Basics / Primary-Secondary Pumping

Notas do Editor

  1. 16
  2. 16
  3. 16
  4. 16
  5. 22
  6. 22
  7. 22
  8. 54
  9. 16
  10. 16
  11. 16
  12. 16
  13. 16
  14. 16
  15. 16
  16. 16
  17. 16
  18. 16
  19. 16