English language version of part 2 of 3 parts UML introduction

1. Wissen macht ambitionierte
Geschäftsziele erreichbar.
Wir liefern Wissen und schaffen Werte.
UML 2.x
Weltweit.
Knowledge enables your business
ambitions.
We deliver knowledge and create value.
Worldwide.
Part 2
Einführung Fort. / Introduction cont.
J. Anton Illik
Ambit 1. 1

2. UML intro & overview www.ambit.de
Content
• 5. Component Diagram • 10. Sequence Diagram
Attention: Sequence can change! The arrangement
(Komponentendiagramm) (Sequenzdiagramm)
• 6. Deployment Diagram • 11. Communication Diagram
(Verteilungsdiagramm) (Kommuniaktionsdiagramm)
• 7. Use Case Diagram • 12. Timing Diagram
(Use-Case-Diagramm) (Timingdiagramm)
• 8. Activity Diagram • 13. Interaction Overview
Diagram
of the chapters as well!
(Aktivitätsdiagramm)
(Interaktionsübersichtsdia-gramm)
• 9. State Machine
(Zustandsautomat)
2 www.ambit.de

3. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
5. Component Diagram
(Komponentendiagramm)
• Component diagrams are similar to Class
diagrams.
• Focused on higher level abstraction of subsystems
(Components, Interfaces and their relations).
• The component diagram gives the possibility to show
the structure of a system at runtime. The
representation refers and depends on component
structure.
3 www.ambit.de

4. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
5. Component Diagram
(Komponentendiagramm)
• Notation elements
– Component (physical part of the System; different
types; see next page)
– Artefacts
• E.g. a compiled object file
• A piece of source code
• Shared Library
• Enterprise JavaBean (EJB),
• Et cetera;
• „Entity of the world of application“ as well)
4 www.ambit.de

5. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
5. Component Diagram
(Komponentendiagramm)
• UML-Standard-Stereotypes offer the following
Types of Components
– document
– entity
– executable
– file
– library
– process
– service
– specification
– subsystem
– table
5 www.ambit.de

6. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
5. Component Diagram
(Komponentendiagramm)
Komplexer Port Implementierte Schnittstelle
<<component>>
<<component>>
Komponente1 Komponente2
Bestandteil3
Allgemeine Kompositionskonektor Klasse
Abhängigkeitsbeziehung Bestandteil4
Realisierungsbeziehung
Bestandteil1 Bestandteil2
<<spezifcation>>
Bestandteil einer Komponente Komponente specDoc
<<artifact>>
<<subsystem>> <<compontent>>
Artefakt1 Port
Komponente3 Komponente4
Verwendungs-
<<use>>
Beziehung
<<artifact>>
Komponente6 <<manifest>>
Delegationskonnektor
Implementierungsbeziehung Benötigte Schnittstelle
6 www.ambit.de

7. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
• Deployment Diagrams show classification of
artefacts on Hardware components, named nodes.
• In other words: Deployment Diagrams show the
nodes, on which the System is running. Nodes are
physical Entities ( = Hardware)
• Besides that, Deployment Diagrams form
communicaiton relations and dependencies
between nodes.
7 www.ambit.de

8. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
• Artefacts
– Artefacts model physical information about a System
• besides Hardware,
• User guides
• Training material
• Password files and
• jar-Archive
• Can be modeled as an Artefact.
– Artefacts express the terms/ideas/concepts of a
modeled System
8 www.ambit.de

9. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
• Artefacts
– An Example Artefact: a Java-jar-Archive
MessageFramework.jar
– Artefacts can have attributes (like other UML-Classifiers)
MessageFramework.jar
Reentrant: boolean
numLoggers: int = 1
9 www.ambit.de

10. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Depolyment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
• Notation elements
– nodes
• Conventional Node-Stereotypes:
– client
– server
– database
– backup server
– communication path
– distribution relationship
– application specification
10 www.ambit.de

11. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Depolyment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
node 2
<<device>>
communication path
node 1
<<device>> node 3
<<execution
environment>>
Deployment spezifikation
execution: thread Deployment relationship
Transaction: false
Artefact
11 www.ambit.de

12. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
One Node
Server
A Node with a couple of compartments
Server
<<components>>
Buchungssystem.jar
Comon.jar
12 www.ambit.de

13. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
A Node with distributed Components
Server
<<deploy>> <<deploy>>
Buchungssytem.jar Common.jar
13 www.ambit.de

14. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
6. Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
Several Nodes and their Connection
Client
<<Internet>>
<<LAN>>
Datenbankserver Buchungsserver
14 www.ambit.de

15. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
Deployment Diagram (Verteilungsdiagramm)
•CaseStudy
Deployment Diagram:
Deployment of a windscreen
wiper service unit
15 www.ambit.de

16. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
Fourth Diagram Type
Behaviour Modelling
[Verhaltensmodellierung]
16 www.ambit.de [Rupp et.a] S. 225-236

17. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
7. Use-Case-Diagram (Use Case Diagramm)
• Use-Case-Diagrams give an overview of all the
requirements on a system from the users point of
view
• Use-Cases often have the following Connections
– Generalization ( )
– Extension (<<extends>>) and
– Inclusion (<<include>>)
to other Use-Cases of the System
17 www.ambit.de

18. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
7. Use-Case-Diagram (Use Case Diagramm)
• Notation elements
– use case
– system (subject)
– actor (Part of the User)
– <<include>> - relationship
• Use-Case can include behaviour of another Use-Case.
The included Use-Case is not used autonomous, but
part of a bigger Use-Case.
– <<extend>> - relationship
• Not part of the normal, fundamental development.
• Generalization relation
18 www.ambit.de

19. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
7. Use-Case-Diagram (Use Case Diagramm)
Datenkopplung
Daten
synchronisieren
Drahtlos
synchronisieren
Seriell
synchronisieren
Use Case Generalization
19 www.ambit.de

20. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
7. Use-Case-Diagram (Use Case Diagramm)
Systemname
Akteur 2
Mitverwendeter
Anwendungsfall Bankkunde
Akteur 1 <<include>>
Anwendungsfall
Debug-Info Akteur 3
<<extend>> aufzeichnen
Rechnungswesen
Additionally, there must be a Use Case document, describing the functionality.
Maybe prosa, Word-File. -> technically seen, not a part of UML.
Typical Content: short description (WHAT?),precondition, basic function
20 www.ambit.de

21. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
Use-Case-Diagram
•CaseStudy
Use-Case-Diagram:
Modelling an
Online-Banking-System
21 www.ambit.de

22. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
8. Activity Diagram (Aktivitätsdiagramm)
• Using Activity Diagrams,
– complex processes, as well as
– parallel processes and
– alternative processes
can be modeled and described.
• Aktivity Diagrams give – like State machines do – an
Impression of the Behaviour development,
– However they are concentrated on Transitions
(separate Steps)
– They are not concentrated on their Activator
22 www.ambit.de

23. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
8. Activity Diagram (Aktivitätsdiagramm)
• Notation elements
– action – interuption area
– activity – exeption handler
– objectnodes – activity area
– links – structured nodes
– Controll elements – quantity processing area
– start nodes – loop node
– end nodes – decision node
– branch connection node
– synchronization – and parallelization knode
– control data
23 www.ambit.de

24. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
8. Activity Diagram (Aktivitätsdiagramm)
Activity name activity
Start node get invitation possible order
Invitation Check date
object node
Check interest
[time available] in invitation
action
[no time]
link [no interest]
[interest]
condition Announce
Cancel invitation
participation
control node /
decision node
end node
24 www.ambit.de

25. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
8. Activity Diagram (Aktivitätsdiagramm)
Wrapping a gift
[Recipient lives far away]
Adress the Label
Christmas
present Wrap the gift
Put it under a tree
[Recipient lives near by]
A branch node / Decision in the Activity Diagram
25 www.ambit.de

26. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
8. Activity Diagram (Aktivitätsdiagramm)
Parallelize something and bring it back together
…….
…….
…….
26 www.ambit.de

27. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
9. Finite State Machine
(Zustandsautomat)
Using state machines you get the possibility to model
the behavior of any classifier.
- State machines specify the behaviour of a classifier,
using states,
- transitions between states,
- transitions between states are initiated by inner or
external events.
State Machines show different states, an entity can
pass.
27 www.ambit.de

28. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
9. Finite State Machine
(Zustandsautomat)
• Notation elements
– simple state – entrance/ exit point
– transition – region
– start state – history
– end state – specialization
– pseudo states – protocol state machine
– crossing
– decision
– terminator
– assembled state
– substatemachine states
28 www.ambit.de

29. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
9. State Machine (Zustandsautomat)
State machine name
Trigger Guard
ticket machine
Start state
Action Labels:
value heighten [value<price]
waiting Geldaufnahme entry
[enter coins]
Do exit
state [enter coins]/ do
value heighten include
Cancel voted ticket
stopp selectively
pressed
Transition cancel
Berechnung
Entry / value
expend After do / price
(Timeout) calculate
Crossing point
[value = price] [value>price]
Output ricket
entrance behaviour Entry / ticket
output
expend
change
do / change
expend State behavior
TimeTrigger
29 www.ambit.de

30. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
10. Sequence Diagram (Sequenzdiagramm)
• Sequence Diagrams are the most used Interaction
Diagrams.
• They show a chronological view of the message
exchange between Elements/Entities
• Sequence diagrams show the dynamic flow
between objects in dependence of chronology.
30 www.ambit.de

31. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
10. Sequence Diagram (Sequenzdiagramm)
• Notation elements
– interaction / interaction frame
– life line
– news
– state invariant
– combined fragment
– key relation
– interaction reference
– link point
– defragmentation of life lines
31 www.ambit.de

32. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
10. Sequence Diagram (Sequenzdiagramm)
object1 object2 object1 object2
message()
(a-b<2 sec.) a
[x>0] message1()
b
answer Aktionssequenz /
Zusicherung / Action sequence
assertion [x<=0] message2()
Rekursion /
recursion answer1
Steuerungs- answer2
Fokus /
Control focus
life line
32 www.ambit.de

33. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
10. Sequence Diagram (Sequenzdiagramm)
object1 object1 object2
new() object2
Iteration
message()
*message()
Objektkonstruktion and
-dekonstruktion
answer
destroy()
answer
33 www.ambit.de

34. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
Activitydiagram
•CaseStudy
Aktivitätsdiagramme:
Modelling a party
34 www.ambit.de

35. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
11. Communication Diagram
(Kommunikationsdiagramm)
• Closely related to the Sequence Diagram /
Alternative to the Sequence Diagram.
• More important who is communicating with each
other. Chronology is less important.
• Communication diagrams show the dynamic flow
and ist logic process in the collaboration of objects.
(Interaction to realize a use case.)
35 www.ambit.de

36. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
11. Communication Diagramm
(Communication Diagram)
• Notation elements:
– interaction / interaction frame
– Life line
– message
36 www.ambit.de

37. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
11. Communication Diagram
(Kommunikationsdiagramm)
sequential
Object:class synchronize
[Condition] 1.2:answer:=message(arg.)
restricted
Start
Object:class Object:class
1.1.*.message(arguments) Time-dependend
message()
asyncron
Sequence
Messages are displayed with lines between communication partners.
37 www.ambit.de

38. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
12. Timing Diagram (Timingdiagramm)
• Timing Diagrams show the chronology of
Classifiers in a System
• Most important is the real chronology of
messages.
38 www.ambit.de

39. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
12. Timing Diagram (Timingdiagramm)
• Notation elements:
– interaction / interaction frame
– live line
– time line
– message
– branch mark
– value line
– key relation
39 www.ambit.de

40. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
12. Timing Diagram (Timingdiagramm)
diagram name Duration condition
Traffic light {d…6*d}
:hanging lamp green
red
go
operable stop
Life lines
activate
active
:predestrian
message
Time line
waiting
d
Sek.
0 1 2 3
condition
time scale
40 www.ambit.de

41. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
13. Interaction Overview Diagram
(Interaktionsübersichtsdiagramm)
• Interaction Overview Diagrams show the cooperation
of different actions by displaying flows/ processes of
interactions with a variant/ alternative of the activity
diagram.
• Refined by
– Sequence Diagrams
– Communication Diagrams
– Timing Diagrams
41 www.ambit.de

42. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
13. Interaction Overview Diagram
(Interaktionsübersichtsdiagramm)
• Notation elements
– interaction / interaction reference
– control elements
42 www.ambit.de

43. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
13. Interaction Overview Diagram
(Interaktionsübersichtsdiagramm)
Geldautomat
ref
ref {0..10} Zeiteinheit
PIN Eingabe Minuten
Karteneinschub
[Dauer > 10] Interaktionsreferenz
Startknoten
[else]
Paralellisierungsknoten ref
[PIN Eingabe [PIN Eingabe
== fehlgeschlagen] == 0] Geldtransaktion
abwickeln
sd
ref
:Authentifizierungs- Verzweigungsknoten
:Display
system Karteneinzug ref
Anzeigen („Karte
wird eingezogen“) Kartenauswurf
Verbindungsknoten
Kante Synchronisationsknoten Endknoten
43 www.ambit.de

44. www.ambit.de
Chapter 3
State Machine (Zustandsautomat)
•CaseStudy
State Machines:
Modelling a ticket machine
44 www.ambit.de

45. www.ambit.de
Chapter 4
4 UML Model Development
Chapter 4
45 www.ambit.de

46. www.ambit.de
Chapter 4
UML Exercise
How would you manage
model development?
Simple chronology of
modelling process?
46 www.ambit.de

47. www.ambit.de
Chapter 4
Literature
Literature
47 www.ambit.de

48. www.ambit.de
Chapter 4
UML used and continuing
Literature
• Wolfgang Zuser, Thomas Greching, Monika Köhle:
„Software Engineering mit UML und Unified
Process“; Pearson Studium, München, 2004
• Chris Rupp, Jürgen Hahn, Stefan Queins, Mario Jeckle,
Barbara Zengler: „UML 2 glasklar“; Hanser, München,
2005
• Heide Balzert: „UML 2 kompakt“; Spektrum,
Heidelberg, 2005
48 www.ambit.de