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S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

RESEARCH ARTICLE

www.ijera.com

OPEN ACCESS

Structural Design of a Tender Lift for Medium- And Large-Sized
Yachts
S. Baragetti1,2
1

Departiment of Engineering, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044, Dalmine (BG), Italy.
GITT – Centre on Innovation Management and Technology Transfer of the University of Bergamo, Via
Salvecchio 19, 24129 Bergamo, Italy.
2

Abstract
Tender lifts are yacht accessories that are mainly used to drop small boats and persons into the water. The
extensive personalisation of yachts can lead to some critical issues for the design of tender lifts, which must be
specifically made according to the unique geometry of each yacht. The aim of this work was to analyse and
optimise the structure of a prototype tender lift for medium-sized yachts, as realised by BesenzoniS.p.A
(Sarnico, BG) with AISI 304. The optimisation process involved analytical and numerical models, which were
verified by experimental measurements. In particular, the stress and strain states of the actuation device were
evaluated along the entire range of motion of the mechanism. The results were used to modify the geometry of
the prototype. The optimised prototype demonstrated reduced applied stresses and increased values for the
safety factor along the entire mechanism.
Keywords: nautical sector; tender lift; numerical models; analytical models; experimental measurements;
optimisation

I.

Introduction

The installation of a tender lift on the stern
is a very common feature of medium- and largeclass yachts. This mechanical system fulfils two
main tasks: it eases the boarding and the descent of
bathers into the open sea, and it is also used to
lower small crafts into the water (Figs. 1and 2).

The various tender lift models that are
commercially available present a great diversity in
their main characteristics. The basic concept behind
the tender lift is simple, with the planking level
being moved via the operation of two parallel fourbar linkage devices. However, the extensive
personalisation of yachts can lead to some critical
issues for the design of tender lifts, which must be
specifically adapted to the unique geometry of each
boat.

Fig. 1: Picture of a yacht with a tender lift mounted
on the stern.

Fig. 2: Operation of the tender lift.

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1936|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944
The aim of this work was to analyse and
optimise a new prototype structure for tender lifts,
as realised by BesenzoniS.p.A (Sarnico, BG). AISI
304 plates and welded section beams were used for
the realisation of the prototype. Analysis was
performed through three different approaches, in
which the movement mechanism of the tender lift
was carefully examined (ISO 2010; RINA 2010;
API 2000; Baragetti,Medolago 2012). Classical
mechanics analytical methods were initially
applied, followed by the development of detailed
finite element method (FEM) models of the
mechanical system. To validate the implemented
models, experimental tests were conducted on the
prototype.

II.

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The results obtained from the first
prototype provided a complete overview of the
stress and strain states of the system, which
allowed the identification of the major critical
aspects. An optimisation process was implemented,
beginning with a sensitivity analysis, to identify the
critical structural parameters of the tender lift. A
calculation code was used to design a new
optimised
lift
with
enhanced
structural
performance. Care was taken in analysing the
influence of the stiffness of the planking level on
the stress state of the elements of the movement
mechanism.

Prototype description

The prototype hydraulic tender lift is constituted of three main elements: two parallel four-bar linkage
devices
and
a
planking
level
Fig. 3a). The movement mechanism of the planking level for this prototype is presented in
Fig. 3b. A hydraulic actuator drives the
stern, to lower small crafts or people, for a
four-bar linkage system, whose constrained nodes
maximum capacity of 850 kg. The prototype was
are mounted on the hull of the craft, while the
realised in AISI 304 steel (Table 1), and the beam
upper beam is built-in with the planking level. The
sections for the device were hollow and
tender lift is designed to be mounted in the boat’s
rectangular.

Plankinglevel

Device
a)
b)
Fig. 3: Example of devices for: (a) the movement of the planking level of a tender lift, and (b) the mechanism of
the tender lift prototype studied in the present work.
Table 1 Mechanical characteristics of AISI 304 steel
(source: www.matweb.com)
Yield tensile
Rp 0.2
215
[MPa]
strength
% Elongation at
A%
45%
break
Young’s modulus
E
206000
[MPa]

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III.

Prototype analysis

3.1 Theoretical and numerical models
To study the critical points of the prototype,
a calculation code was developed. This code allowed
the stress state in critical sections of the mechanism
to be determined at discrete positions along the
device (Fig. 4). By using this tool, a graph of the
safety factor in each of the critical sections was
created (Fig. 5). The safety factor was less than 1.5 in
every operating position of the device.

1937|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

a)
b)
Fig. 4: (a) Critical sections of the device arms and (b) model adopted for the calculation code.

Actuator extension [mm]
Fig.5: Safety factors ηin the critical sections of the mechanism, along the whole device.

To investigate the stress state of the four-bar
linkage system more pragmatically, a shell numerical
FEM of the movement device was developed. In this
step, the following simplified hypotheses were
adopted: (1) the material was assumed to show a
linear elastic behaviour (Table 1), (2) a single device
was modelled (i.e., the presence of the planking level
was ignored), (3) a load of 2/3 of the nominal load
was assumed, and (4) only two positions of the

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actuator were simulated (zero actuator travel and
fully extended actuator). The load was applied at the
tip of the shoe (i.e., the connecting rod of the four-bar
linkage), as shown in Fig. 4b. The base plate of the
device was constrained to the ground with a fixed
restraint. Sharp edges in the prototype were
reproduced in the numerical model. The results of the
mechanism simulations (Fig. 6) revealed that the
yield value of the material was exceeded in several
regions for both simulated configurations.

1938|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

a)
b)
Fig. 6: FEM model results of the tender lift movement device, in terms of equivalent von Mises stress [MPa],
considering the two simulated configurations: (a) zero actuator travel and (b) fully extended actuator.

3.2 Strain gauge measurements
Experimental measurements were performed
on the prototype to validate the FEM simulation
results (Fig. 7). LY11-3/120 HBM linear strain
gauges (http://www.hbm.com/it/) were used to
measure the deformations. These strain gauges were
placed at specific points of the device (Figs. 8 and 9),
and the stress state was calculated by assuming a
linear elastic/perfectly plastic material behaviour.
The orientation of the strain gauges was chosen such
that the strain gauge measurement grid was aligned

with the dotted lines on the device arms (Figs. 8 and
9). Figure 10 compares the strain gauge
measurements and the numerical results for the strain
gauge mounted in the most-loaded region (strain
gauge 2). In this figure, the vertical dotted line
identifies the design load of a single tender lift device
(i.e., 2/3 of the maximum nominal carrying capacity).
Points of the FEM curve related to load values that
differed from the values applied in the simulation
were obtained through the linear interpolation of the
results, with the model assumed to be linear elastic.

Fig.7: Tender lift mechanism prototype, with applied strain gauges for the experimental measurements.

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1939|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

Fig.8: Placement of strain gauges 1 and 2 on the prototype.

Fig.9: Placement of strain gauge 3 on the prototype
250

η [MPa]
2

200

Rp0,2 = 215 MPa

150
100

Experimental
Speimentale
FEM

50
0
0

1000

2000

3000
4000
Carico [N]

5000

6000

7000

a)

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1940|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

300

Rp0,2 = 215 MPa

250

η [MPa]
2

200
150
Experimental
Sperimentale
FEM

100
50
0
0

1000

2000

3000
4000
Carico [N]

5000

6000

7000

b)
Fig. 10: Strain gauge measurement (σ) vs. applied load for strain gauge 2, relative to the (a) fully raised or (b)
fully lowered tender lift.
The data collected from strain gauge 2
suggested that the FEM model was coherent with the
real stress state, and that the section where the strain
gauge was mounted worked beyond the yielding limit
of the material.

IV.

state in the critical sections. The value of each
identified parameter was plotted on the x-axis against
the value of the bending moment in the critical A-A
section on the y-axis (Fig. 4a). Examples of these
graphs are shown in Fig. 11 for only two variables.
This analysis revealed that the prototype geometry
was far from optimal, and that the stress values at the
critical points could be decreased by employing
suitable modifications.

Optimisation

The validated calculation code was used to
perform a sensitivity analysis. The purpose of this
sensitivity analysis was to identify the main
geometrical parameters that influenced the stress
3,500E+04

Mf A-A [N∙mm]

3,000E+04
2,500E+04
2,000E+04
1,500E+04
1,000E+04
500E+04
0,000E+00
100

200

300
a [mm]

400

500

a)

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1941|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

6,000E+04

Mf A-A [N∙mm]

5,000E+04
4,000E+04
3,000E+04
2,000E+04
1,000E+04
0,000E+00
-110 -100 -90

-80 -70 -60
η[gradi]

-50

-40

-30

b)
Fig. 11: Sensitivity analysis. Value of the bending moment Mf A-A in the critical section A-A (Fig. 4a), as a
function of the examined parameter, (a) a or (b) . The prototype state is specified by the red line.

V.

Planking level effect

After the geometry had been optimised, the
influence of the planking level on the stress state of
the device arms was analysed. Unfortunately, neither
the geometry nor the material of the planking level
was known beforehand, because the ship owner will
determine how the system will be mounted.
Therefore, a reference geometry was proposed, and

the effect of variations in the stiffness on the stress
state of the device was analysed. The results of
numerical models (Fig. 12) indicated that the stress
state of the tender lift increased with decreasing
stiffness of the planking level. The stiffness range
considered during the investigation produced a
maximum increase in the Mises equivalent stress of
40% in the critical regions.

Fig. 12: Numerical model of the tender lift with the planking level (stresses in [MPa]).

VI.

Optimised prototype

The investigation allowed the critical points
of the tender lift prototype to be defined and the
parameters governing its strength to be identified.
By using the analysis results, a new optimised
geometry was proposed (Fig. 13a), which employed
the following modifications (Fig. 13b) compared to
the original prototype: (1) the hydraulic actuator was

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linked at the inferior beam, (2) the β angle was
chosen so as to maintain its value as close to 90° as
possible during its range of motion, (3) the beam b
(and also beam d, because b = d) was extended, and
(4) the sharp edge of the rocker arm without actuation
was rounded.

1942|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

a)
b)
Fig. 13: (a) Optimised geometry for the tender lift device compared to (b) the original prototype geometry.
Although these modifications involved a
negligible variation of the system mass and
dimensions, they allowed the mechanism to achieve a
marked increase in structural strength. In particular,

safety factors of greater than 1.2 were achieved in all
of the critical sections of the modified prototype (Fig.
14).

Fig. 14: Safety factors for the optimised prototype along the range of motion for sections A-A, B-B, C-C, and DD. These sections are shown in Figs. 4a and 15 for the original and optimised prototypes, respectively.

VII.

Fig. 15: Critical sections of the arms of the optimised
prototype mechanism.

www.ijera.com

Conclusions

This work presented the optimisation
process for a prototype tender lift that was designed
for installation on medium-large size yachts. The
examined structure can be used for different
purposes; for example, it may be used as a moving
level to lower small crafts or people into the water.
The stress and strain states of the actuation device
were carefully evaluated along the range of motion.
Analytical and numerical methods, together with
experimental measurements, were used to modify the
geometry of the prototype. The new prototype
demonstrated reduced applied stresses and increased
values for the safety factor, which were greater than
1.2.

1943|P a g e
S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944

www.ijera.com

References
[1]

[2]
[3]

[4]

[5]

ISO 19901-3 (2010), Petroleum and Natural
Gas Industries - Specific Requirements for
Offshore Structures - Part 3: Topsides
Structure.
RINA (2010), Rules for the Classification of
Ships, Part B.
API RP 2A-WSD (2000), Recommended
Practice for Planning, Designing and
Constructing Fixed Offshore PlatformsWorking Stress Design.
Baragetti, S., Medolago, A., “Progettazione
di una plancetta/tender lift per yacht di
dimensioni medio-grandi”, 41°Convegno
Nazionale AIAS, 5-8 settembre 2012,
Padova.
HBM, Strain Gauges and Accessories
Manual.
Retrieved
from
http://www.hbm.com/it/.

www.ijera.com

1944|P a g e

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Li3619361944

  • 1. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.ijera.com OPEN ACCESS Structural Design of a Tender Lift for Medium- And Large-Sized Yachts S. Baragetti1,2 1 Departiment of Engineering, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044, Dalmine (BG), Italy. GITT – Centre on Innovation Management and Technology Transfer of the University of Bergamo, Via Salvecchio 19, 24129 Bergamo, Italy. 2 Abstract Tender lifts are yacht accessories that are mainly used to drop small boats and persons into the water. The extensive personalisation of yachts can lead to some critical issues for the design of tender lifts, which must be specifically made according to the unique geometry of each yacht. The aim of this work was to analyse and optimise the structure of a prototype tender lift for medium-sized yachts, as realised by BesenzoniS.p.A (Sarnico, BG) with AISI 304. The optimisation process involved analytical and numerical models, which were verified by experimental measurements. In particular, the stress and strain states of the actuation device were evaluated along the entire range of motion of the mechanism. The results were used to modify the geometry of the prototype. The optimised prototype demonstrated reduced applied stresses and increased values for the safety factor along the entire mechanism. Keywords: nautical sector; tender lift; numerical models; analytical models; experimental measurements; optimisation I. Introduction The installation of a tender lift on the stern is a very common feature of medium- and largeclass yachts. This mechanical system fulfils two main tasks: it eases the boarding and the descent of bathers into the open sea, and it is also used to lower small crafts into the water (Figs. 1and 2). The various tender lift models that are commercially available present a great diversity in their main characteristics. The basic concept behind the tender lift is simple, with the planking level being moved via the operation of two parallel fourbar linkage devices. However, the extensive personalisation of yachts can lead to some critical issues for the design of tender lifts, which must be specifically adapted to the unique geometry of each boat. Fig. 1: Picture of a yacht with a tender lift mounted on the stern. Fig. 2: Operation of the tender lift. www.ijera.com 1936|P a g e
  • 2. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 The aim of this work was to analyse and optimise a new prototype structure for tender lifts, as realised by BesenzoniS.p.A (Sarnico, BG). AISI 304 plates and welded section beams were used for the realisation of the prototype. Analysis was performed through three different approaches, in which the movement mechanism of the tender lift was carefully examined (ISO 2010; RINA 2010; API 2000; Baragetti,Medolago 2012). Classical mechanics analytical methods were initially applied, followed by the development of detailed finite element method (FEM) models of the mechanical system. To validate the implemented models, experimental tests were conducted on the prototype. II. www.ijera.com The results obtained from the first prototype provided a complete overview of the stress and strain states of the system, which allowed the identification of the major critical aspects. An optimisation process was implemented, beginning with a sensitivity analysis, to identify the critical structural parameters of the tender lift. A calculation code was used to design a new optimised lift with enhanced structural performance. Care was taken in analysing the influence of the stiffness of the planking level on the stress state of the elements of the movement mechanism. Prototype description The prototype hydraulic tender lift is constituted of three main elements: two parallel four-bar linkage devices and a planking level Fig. 3a). The movement mechanism of the planking level for this prototype is presented in Fig. 3b. A hydraulic actuator drives the stern, to lower small crafts or people, for a four-bar linkage system, whose constrained nodes maximum capacity of 850 kg. The prototype was are mounted on the hull of the craft, while the realised in AISI 304 steel (Table 1), and the beam upper beam is built-in with the planking level. The sections for the device were hollow and tender lift is designed to be mounted in the boat’s rectangular. Plankinglevel Device a) b) Fig. 3: Example of devices for: (a) the movement of the planking level of a tender lift, and (b) the mechanism of the tender lift prototype studied in the present work. Table 1 Mechanical characteristics of AISI 304 steel (source: www.matweb.com) Yield tensile Rp 0.2 215 [MPa] strength % Elongation at A% 45% break Young’s modulus E 206000 [MPa] www.ijera.com III. Prototype analysis 3.1 Theoretical and numerical models To study the critical points of the prototype, a calculation code was developed. This code allowed the stress state in critical sections of the mechanism to be determined at discrete positions along the device (Fig. 4). By using this tool, a graph of the safety factor in each of the critical sections was created (Fig. 5). The safety factor was less than 1.5 in every operating position of the device. 1937|P a g e
  • 3. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com a) b) Fig. 4: (a) Critical sections of the device arms and (b) model adopted for the calculation code. Actuator extension [mm] Fig.5: Safety factors ηin the critical sections of the mechanism, along the whole device. To investigate the stress state of the four-bar linkage system more pragmatically, a shell numerical FEM of the movement device was developed. In this step, the following simplified hypotheses were adopted: (1) the material was assumed to show a linear elastic behaviour (Table 1), (2) a single device was modelled (i.e., the presence of the planking level was ignored), (3) a load of 2/3 of the nominal load was assumed, and (4) only two positions of the www.ijera.com actuator were simulated (zero actuator travel and fully extended actuator). The load was applied at the tip of the shoe (i.e., the connecting rod of the four-bar linkage), as shown in Fig. 4b. The base plate of the device was constrained to the ground with a fixed restraint. Sharp edges in the prototype were reproduced in the numerical model. The results of the mechanism simulations (Fig. 6) revealed that the yield value of the material was exceeded in several regions for both simulated configurations. 1938|P a g e
  • 4. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com a) b) Fig. 6: FEM model results of the tender lift movement device, in terms of equivalent von Mises stress [MPa], considering the two simulated configurations: (a) zero actuator travel and (b) fully extended actuator. 3.2 Strain gauge measurements Experimental measurements were performed on the prototype to validate the FEM simulation results (Fig. 7). LY11-3/120 HBM linear strain gauges (http://www.hbm.com/it/) were used to measure the deformations. These strain gauges were placed at specific points of the device (Figs. 8 and 9), and the stress state was calculated by assuming a linear elastic/perfectly plastic material behaviour. The orientation of the strain gauges was chosen such that the strain gauge measurement grid was aligned with the dotted lines on the device arms (Figs. 8 and 9). Figure 10 compares the strain gauge measurements and the numerical results for the strain gauge mounted in the most-loaded region (strain gauge 2). In this figure, the vertical dotted line identifies the design load of a single tender lift device (i.e., 2/3 of the maximum nominal carrying capacity). Points of the FEM curve related to load values that differed from the values applied in the simulation were obtained through the linear interpolation of the results, with the model assumed to be linear elastic. Fig.7: Tender lift mechanism prototype, with applied strain gauges for the experimental measurements. www.ijera.com 1939|P a g e
  • 5. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com Fig.8: Placement of strain gauges 1 and 2 on the prototype. Fig.9: Placement of strain gauge 3 on the prototype 250 η [MPa] 2 200 Rp0,2 = 215 MPa 150 100 Experimental Speimentale FEM 50 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Carico [N] 5000 6000 7000 a) www.ijera.com 1940|P a g e
  • 6. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com 300 Rp0,2 = 215 MPa 250 η [MPa] 2 200 150 Experimental Sperimentale FEM 100 50 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Carico [N] 5000 6000 7000 b) Fig. 10: Strain gauge measurement (σ) vs. applied load for strain gauge 2, relative to the (a) fully raised or (b) fully lowered tender lift. The data collected from strain gauge 2 suggested that the FEM model was coherent with the real stress state, and that the section where the strain gauge was mounted worked beyond the yielding limit of the material. IV. state in the critical sections. The value of each identified parameter was plotted on the x-axis against the value of the bending moment in the critical A-A section on the y-axis (Fig. 4a). Examples of these graphs are shown in Fig. 11 for only two variables. This analysis revealed that the prototype geometry was far from optimal, and that the stress values at the critical points could be decreased by employing suitable modifications. Optimisation The validated calculation code was used to perform a sensitivity analysis. The purpose of this sensitivity analysis was to identify the main geometrical parameters that influenced the stress 3,500E+04 Mf A-A [N∙mm] 3,000E+04 2,500E+04 2,000E+04 1,500E+04 1,000E+04 500E+04 0,000E+00 100 200 300 a [mm] 400 500 a) www.ijera.com 1941|P a g e
  • 7. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com 6,000E+04 Mf A-A [N∙mm] 5,000E+04 4,000E+04 3,000E+04 2,000E+04 1,000E+04 0,000E+00 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 η[gradi] -50 -40 -30 b) Fig. 11: Sensitivity analysis. Value of the bending moment Mf A-A in the critical section A-A (Fig. 4a), as a function of the examined parameter, (a) a or (b) . The prototype state is specified by the red line. V. Planking level effect After the geometry had been optimised, the influence of the planking level on the stress state of the device arms was analysed. Unfortunately, neither the geometry nor the material of the planking level was known beforehand, because the ship owner will determine how the system will be mounted. Therefore, a reference geometry was proposed, and the effect of variations in the stiffness on the stress state of the device was analysed. The results of numerical models (Fig. 12) indicated that the stress state of the tender lift increased with decreasing stiffness of the planking level. The stiffness range considered during the investigation produced a maximum increase in the Mises equivalent stress of 40% in the critical regions. Fig. 12: Numerical model of the tender lift with the planking level (stresses in [MPa]). VI. Optimised prototype The investigation allowed the critical points of the tender lift prototype to be defined and the parameters governing its strength to be identified. By using the analysis results, a new optimised geometry was proposed (Fig. 13a), which employed the following modifications (Fig. 13b) compared to the original prototype: (1) the hydraulic actuator was www.ijera.com linked at the inferior beam, (2) the β angle was chosen so as to maintain its value as close to 90° as possible during its range of motion, (3) the beam b (and also beam d, because b = d) was extended, and (4) the sharp edge of the rocker arm without actuation was rounded. 1942|P a g e
  • 8. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com a) b) Fig. 13: (a) Optimised geometry for the tender lift device compared to (b) the original prototype geometry. Although these modifications involved a negligible variation of the system mass and dimensions, they allowed the mechanism to achieve a marked increase in structural strength. In particular, safety factors of greater than 1.2 were achieved in all of the critical sections of the modified prototype (Fig. 14). Fig. 14: Safety factors for the optimised prototype along the range of motion for sections A-A, B-B, C-C, and DD. These sections are shown in Figs. 4a and 15 for the original and optimised prototypes, respectively. VII. Fig. 15: Critical sections of the arms of the optimised prototype mechanism. www.ijera.com Conclusions This work presented the optimisation process for a prototype tender lift that was designed for installation on medium-large size yachts. The examined structure can be used for different purposes; for example, it may be used as a moving level to lower small crafts or people into the water. The stress and strain states of the actuation device were carefully evaluated along the range of motion. Analytical and numerical methods, together with experimental measurements, were used to modify the geometry of the prototype. The new prototype demonstrated reduced applied stresses and increased values for the safety factor, which were greater than 1.2. 1943|P a g e
  • 9. S. Baragetti Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1936-1944 www.ijera.com References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ISO 19901-3 (2010), Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures - Part 3: Topsides Structure. RINA (2010), Rules for the Classification of Ships, Part B. API RP 2A-WSD (2000), Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore PlatformsWorking Stress Design. Baragetti, S., Medolago, A., “Progettazione di una plancetta/tender lift per yacht di dimensioni medio-grandi”, 41°Convegno Nazionale AIAS, 5-8 settembre 2012, Padova. HBM, Strain Gauges and Accessories Manual. Retrieved from http://www.hbm.com/it/. www.ijera.com 1944|P a g e