1. THE CELLS

2. CELL THEORY
1. The basic unit of life is the cell.
• In 1665, an English scientist
named Robert Hooke made an
improved microscope and viewed
thin slices of cork viewing plant
cell walls
• Hooke named what he saw
"cells"

3. 2. All living things are made of
1 or more cells.
• 1838 - Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants) was
the first to take note that all plants are made up of cells
• 1839 - Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying animals)
concluded that all living things are made up of cells
Schleiden
Schwann

4. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
1855- Rudolph Virchow

5. THE CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells working together
Organ
Group of tissues working together
Organ System
Group of organs working together
Organism
Any living thing made of 1 or more cells

6. • A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.

7. TYPES OF CELLS

8. CELL
TRI VImA that run
• The longest cell (about 1 long),
along your legs to your brain.
• The largest cell (about .2 mm) that can be
seen with the naked eye.
• The smallest cell in the body (about 0.01mm)
• The smallest cell (about .001 micrometer)

9. CELL LIFE SPAN
• Skin cells 19 days
• Sperm cells 2 months
• Eyelashes 3-4 months
• Liver cells 4 months
• Scalp hair 2-4 years
• Bone cells 15-25 years
• WBC hours- 9 days
• RBC 120 Days

10. Prokaryotic Cells
(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
• do not have a nucleus or other membrane-
bound organelles.
• lack most cytoplasmic organelles
Ex. bacteria Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

11. Eukaryotic Cells
(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
• cells with membrane-
bound structures
• Have many
chromosomes with
DNA and protein
• Larger and more
complex
• EX: animals, plants,
fungi and protists

12. CELL STRUCTURES and Functions

13. 1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
7- ER
3- Mitochondria 5- Chloroplasts
8- Cell
4- Ribosomes 6- Vacuoles
Membrane

14. CELL WALL
• protects the cell
• gives shape and support individual cells and the
entire organism
• is made of cellulose
• A cell wall is found in plants (cellulose), algae,
fungi(chitin), & most bacteria(peptidoglycan).

15. CELL MEMBRANE
• Outer covering, protective
layer around ALL cells
• For cells with cell walls,the
cell membrane is inside the
cell wall
• Allows food, oxygen, &
water into the cell & waste
products out of the cell.
• SEMI-PERMEABLE

17. The cell membrane is made of two phospholipid
layers embedded with
other molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates,
and cholesterol.
The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a
cell from the external environment. It is made
of a double layer of phospholipids and a variety
of embedded molecules. Some of these
molecules
act as signals; others act as receptors. The
membrane is selectively permeable, allowing
some but not all materials to cross

18. • gelatin-like inside cell membrane
• constantly flows
• A.k.a . protoplasm

19. CYTOSKELETON
• scaffolding-like structure in
cytoplasm
• helps the cell maintain or
change its shape
• made of protein
• It includes
MICROTUBULES(green) and
MICROFILAMENTS (red)

20. NUCLEUS
• Directs all cell activities
• Contains instructions for
everything the cell does
• These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA
• Stores and protect the DNA
• Usually the largest
organelle

21. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
• separates nucleus
from cytoplasm
• controls movement of
materials in & out of
nucleus

22. NUCLEOLUS
• A.k.a “little
nucleus”
• Found in the
nucleus

23. CHROMATIN
• contains genetic code that controls
cell
• made of DNA & proteins

24. CHLOROPLAST
• Green organelles that
make food
• found only in plant
cells
• Convert solar energy
into chemical energy
through
photosynthesis

25. CHLOROPHYLL
• A green pigment that
gives leaves & stems
their color
• Captures sunlight
energy that is used to
produce food called
glucose
• Glucose is a type of
sugar

26. MITOCHONDRIA
• Organelles that release energy from
food
• This energy is released by breaking
down food into carbon dioxide
• A.K.A . the powerhouse
because they release energy for
the cell
• Some muscle cells have 20,000
mitochondria

27. RIBOSOMES
• Make proteins
• Float freely or
attached to the
endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
• Ribosomes are made
in the nucleolus

28. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
A series of folded membranes that move
materials (proteins) around in a cell
• like a conveyor belt

29. • Smooth ER –
ribosomes not
attached to ER for
production of lipids
• Rough ER –
ribosomes attached
to ER for production
of proteins

30. GOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee)
The structure was named by Camillo Golgi
• Stacked flattened membranes
• The Golgi apparatus modifies,
packages, and transports proteins.

31. VACUOLES
• Temporary
storage
spaces
• Store food,
water, waste
materials

32. LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz)
• The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body."
• The SUICIDAL BAG of the cell
• The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They
might be used to digest food or break down the cell
when it dies.
• Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out
cell parts

33. VESICLES
• Vesicles isolate and transport specific
molecules

34. CENTRIOLE
• Centrioles divide DNA during cell division.

35. The Plant Cell
STruCTurES found
onLy in pLanTS
• chloroplast
• central vacuole
• cell wall

36. The Animal Cell
Structures found
only in animals
• centriole
• lysosome

37. Structures found in both Plants and Animals
• cytoskeleton
• vesicle
• nucleus
• nucleolus
• endoplasmic reticulum (rough)
• ribosome
• centrosome
• endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth)
• cell membrane
• Golgi apparatus
• mitochondrion
• vacuole

38. NAME THE ORGANELLE

39. F
E
G H

40. I
J

41. Give the function of the following
structures
1 2

42. 4
3
5

43. Identify what’s wrong with these
cells

44. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
1.
2.

45. Match the numbered parts of the CELL FACTORY with the corresponding
organelles of the cell that closely resembles their function.
3
4
1
5
6
2
1- Nucleus
8
2- Chromosomes 7
7- ER
3- Mitochondria 5- Chloroplasts
8- Cell
4- Ribosomes 6- Vacuoles
Membrane