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by ryan somma
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-
 NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this
    license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

All images in this book are licensed under various versions of the Creative
Commons license or are in the public domain, please see the photography
        credits page for links to original images and their licensing.
SO HERE YOU ARE, LIVING ON A PLANET WE CALL…




EVERYTHING AROUND YOU ALL THE WAY UP TO THE TOP OF THE CLOUDS IS PART OF EARTH.
THAT BIG BRIGHT HOT BALL IN THE SKY DURING THE DAY IS


                                 THE




               OUR EARTH GOES AROUND THE SUN.

                   EVERY TIME YOU HAVE A BIRTHDAY, THE
                   EARTH HAS GONE ALL THE WAY AROUND
                    THE SUN SINCE YOUR LAST BIRTHDAY!


THE SUN IS A    . SO ARE THE OTHER TWINKLING DOTS OF LIGHT IN THE SKY AT
                                 NIGHT.
THE BIG GLOWING CIRCLE IN THE SKY AT NIGHT? THAT IS
                 THE



                                      THE MOON IS LIKE A PLANET,
                                 BUT IT GOES AROUND THE EARTH.
                          THE SUN SHINES ON IT TO MAKE IT BRIGHT.




SOME OF US HAVE WALKED ON THE MOON!
SOME OF THE BRIGHT SPOTS IN THE NIGHT SKY ARE PLANETS TOO.
  THEY DON’T TWINKLE, BUT THEY DO GO AROUND THE SUN




 THE SUN AND OTHER STARS GO AROUND THE MILKY WAY.
            THE MILKY WAY IS A       .




GALAXIES HAVE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF STARS IN THEM.
ON A PLANET…


               GOING AROUND A STAR…


                              GOING AROUND A GALAXY…
YOU CAME FROM INSIDE YOUR MOMMY.
               YOUR MOMMY CAME FROM INSIDE YOUR GRANDMOMMY.
         YOUR GRANDMOMMY CAME FROM INSIDE YOUR GREAT GRANDMOMMY.
                        ON AND ON, BACK THROUGH TIME…




100 BA*           200 BA          1700 BA        2200 BA        3300 BA       25,000 BA
    …GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT…
                     OVER 100,000 GREAT-GRANDMOMMIES AGO
                  TO A MOMMY WHO LOOKED SOMETHING LIKE THIS:




                             3,000,000 BA                          *BA = “Birthdays Ago”
BUT IT DOESN’T STOP THERE!
                 SHE CAME FROM INSIDE HER MOMMY,
             WHO CAME FROM INSIDE HER GRANDMOMMY,
           WHO CAME FROM INSIDE HER GREAT-GRANDMOMMY…
ONE MOMMY LOOKED LIKE THIS… …ANOTHER MOMMY LIKE THIS…   …AND ANOTHER LIKE THIS




       20,000,000 BA             60,000,000 BA              210,000,000 BA


      ON AND ON…              …BACK THROUGH TIME…       …CHANGING AND CHANGING




    295,000,000 BA             375,000,000 BA               480,000,000 BA
GETTING MORE AND MORE SIMPLE OVER HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF YEARS




  530,000,000 BA          550,000,00 BA         1,500,000,000 BA




                    A SINGLE CELL
                   3,500,000,000 BA
FOR 2,000,000,000 BIRTHDAYS ON EARTH, ALL
    LIVING THINGS WERE SINGLE CELLS.




                                                THEN SOME CELLS STARTED
                                                  WORKING TOGETHER.
                                            THIS MADE THEM STRONGER THAN
                                                THE SINGLE CELLS, SO THEY
                                                       MULTIPLIED
SOME TEAMS OF CELLS FORMED PLANTS
        THAT EAT SUNLIGHT

                                     OTHERS FORMED ANIMALS,
                                        THAT EAT PLANTS.




                                    DIFFERENT THINGS WORKED FOR
                                       DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE.
ANIMALS AND PLANTS KEPT ON CHANGING, TRYING OUT DIFFERENT THINGS.




SOME ANIMALS, LIKE CRABS,
  WORE THEIR SKELETONS
    ON THE OUTSIDE.




                                             OTHER ANIMALS, LIKE FISH,
                                              WORE THEIR SKELETONS
                                                 ON THE INSIDE.




        DIFFERENT THINGS WORKED FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE.
ALL OF THIS WAS HAPPENING IN THE EARTH’S OCEANS,
     WHICH WERE GETTING PRETTY CROWDED…
   SO SOME PLANTS AND ANIMALS GREW TO LIVE ON THE LAND.
CRABS AND OTHER ANIMALS        FISH AND OTHER ANIMALS
 WITH OUTSIDE SKELETONS         WITH INSIDE SKELETONS
BECAME BUGS AND INSECTS.   BECAME AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
SOME LIZARDS BECAME DINOSAURS AND BIRDS AND TINY MAMMALS.




SOME TINY MAMMALS BECAME ELEPHANTS, DOGS, CATS, WHALES, AND MONKEYS.




           SOME MONKEYS EVENTUALLY BECAME HOMO SAPIENS!
A FEW HOURS LATER YOU       YOU HAD A TAIL LIKE
   THIS WAS YOU YOUR         GREW UP TO BE THIS          A LIZARD ONCE!
         NUMBER
    OF BIRTHDAYS AGO
(PLUS NINE MONTHS INSIDE
     YOUR MOMMY.)




YOU HAD GILLS
  LIKE A FISH
 ONCE TOO!
                             AND EYES ON THE SIDE OF    YOU
                            YOUR HEAD LIKE A MOUSE!    GREW




                     AND            AND                 AND
                    GREW           GREW                GREW




                     AND             AND                AND
                    GREW            GREW               GREW
BIG BRAIN!


 LOTS OF
TEAMS OF
  CELLS!
                              OPPOSABLE
                               THUMBS!



    WARM
   BLOODED!

                             SKELETON
                              ON THE
                              INSIDE!




              WALKS ON TWO
                  FEET!
THERE ARE OVER 7,000,000,000 HOMO SAPIENS
            ON PLANET EARTH




        (PLUS A FEW OUT IN SPACE)
AND ANOTHER FOUR ARE BORN EVERY SECOND!
BUT WE ARE ALL PART OF A TEAM CALLED




  NEW YORK                   DUBAI




RIO DE JANERO              HONG KONG
OUR CIVILIZATION ISN’T PERFECT
BUT WE ARE ALWAYS WORKING TO MAKE IT BETTER
EVERY BIRTHDAY WE ARE SMARTER THAN WE WERE ON THE LAST BIRTHDAY,
                  JUST LIKE YOU GET SMARTER TOO




                        AS YOUR GUARDIAN
               MY PURPOSE IS TO HELP YOU GROW UP
   TO BE AS GOOD AS ME AT LIFE AND CONTRIBUTING TO CIVILIZATION.
HOPEFULLY THIS BOOK HAS FILLED YOU WITH QUESTIONS
      HERE’S SOME OF MY FAVORITE QUESTIONS
• WHERE DID THE DINOSAURS GO? (HINT: LOOK UP IN THE SKY AND TREES)
• WHY DOESN’T THE MOON ALWAYS LOOK ROUND?
• CAN YOU FIND YOUR HOUSE ON GOOGLE EARTH?
• IS THERE LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS? (HINT: SETI, EXOPLANETS)
• DOES THE EARTH HAVE A BIRTHDAY? (HINT: EQUINOXES, SOLSTICES)
• WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT FOUR HOMO SAPIENS ARE BORN EVERY SECOND?
  (TRY COUNTING IN MULTIPLES OF FOUR)
• CAN YOU FIND THE PLANETS ON GOOGLE SKY?
• CAN YOU FIND AND NAME THE ANIMALS AND PLANTS IN THIS BOOK?
• EVERYTHING ON EARTH IS POWERED BY THE SUN, EVEN YOU. CAN YOU
  FIGURE OUT HOW YOU ARE POWERED BY THE SUN? CAN YOU FIGURE OUT
  HOW A CAR, LIGHT BULB, OR RIVER RUNS ON THE SUN?
• WHAT MAKES IT COLD IN THE WINTER AND WARM IN THE SUMMER?
• ANIMALS AND PLANTS CHANGING OVER BILLIONS OF YEARS IS CALLED
  “EVOLUTION,” IS LIFE STILL EVOLVING TODAY? ARE PEOPLE EVOLVING STILL?
• WHERE DID THE FIRST CELL COME FROM?
This book would not be possible without these Public Domain
                  and Creative Commons Photos:
Cover - Andes Hike by Trey Ratcliff                                      Page 13
http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/3410667874/                  Kelp by NOAA http://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4115872878/
Page 4 - Sun by Pranav Yaddanapudi:                                      Sea Urchin by cassimano
http://www.flickr.com/people/neychurluvr/                                http://www.flickr.com/photos/cassimano/2522688766/
                                                                         Page 15
Page 5 - Moon by Anita Ritenour
                                                                         Plants by Ryan Somma
http://www.flickr.com/photos/puliarfanita/4927482821/
                                                                         Tarantula by calwest
Page 3, 6 , 7, 8, 20 Photos by NASA                                      http://www.flickr.com/photos/mwestcalifornia/256897572/
Page 9 - Marie Curie, Ada Lovelace, Hypatia, Minerva, Nefertiti, and     Milipede by e_monk
Woman from Brassempou in Public Domain                                   http://www.flickr.com/photos/e_monk/4195187637/
Page 10 – 11                                                             Damselfly by Thomas Shahan
A Mother's Touch by Eric Heupel http://www.flickr.com/photos/eclectic-   http://www.flickr.com/photos/opoterser/2651845380/
echoes/54629630/                                                         Page 18
                                                                         Images by NHS Human Services
Ring Tail Lemur in Berenty by David Dennis
                                                                         Page 21
http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidden/2269694846/
                                                                         A Face in the Crowd (detail) by Michelle Tricca Photography
African Giant Shrew - A Fascinating One by Joey M.                       http://www.michelletricca.com/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jomak14/2836615665/                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/colemama/5743773308/
Eryops by ellenm1 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ellenm1/4261041794/       Page 22
Tiktaalik by Linden Tea                                                  New York by Nathan Siemers
http://www.flickr.com/photos/linden_tea/5212816060/                      http://www.flickr.com/photos/nosha/3043953285/
Coelacanth by Sini Merikallio                                            Rio de Janero by Ashley Ringrose
http://www.flickr.com/photos/smerikal/6227540054/                        http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrtruffle/2832477421/
                                                                         Dubai by Kamel Lebtahi
Aquatic Caecilian by Brian Gratwicke
                                                                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/klebtahi/4691365686/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/briangratwicke/3014114826/
                                                                         Hong Kong Skyline by Spreng Ben
Jellyfish by Giorgos Vintzileos                                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/sprengben/4315145017/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/vintzileos/2732523414/                      Page 23
Slime Mold by Richard Droker                                             Eastern Virginia Medical School by Wugging Gavagai
http://www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/4148954138/                    http://www.flickr.com/photos/the10101/3998377171/
Single Cell by Wikipedia User Perezoso                                   Large Hadron Collider by CERN
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SFRP1_64cell.jpg                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnmcnab/4248698746/
Page 12                                                                  Oxford by Fr Lawrence Lew, O.P.
                                                                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/paullew/3521964549/
Cells by Patrick Hoesly
                                                                         ISS - NASA
http://www.flickr.com/photos/zooboing/3662883261/
                                                                         Page 24
Multicellular by Daniel Kulinski                                         Yosemite by Justin Kern
http://www.flickr.com/photos/didmyself/6312323838/                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/justinwkern/5756196362/
                                                                         Page 14, 16, 17, 19 Photos by Ryan Somma

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Welcome to Life Science Children's Book

  • 2. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ All images in this book are licensed under various versions of the Creative Commons license or are in the public domain, please see the photography credits page for links to original images and their licensing.
  • 3. SO HERE YOU ARE, LIVING ON A PLANET WE CALL… EVERYTHING AROUND YOU ALL THE WAY UP TO THE TOP OF THE CLOUDS IS PART OF EARTH.
  • 4. THAT BIG BRIGHT HOT BALL IN THE SKY DURING THE DAY IS THE OUR EARTH GOES AROUND THE SUN. EVERY TIME YOU HAVE A BIRTHDAY, THE EARTH HAS GONE ALL THE WAY AROUND THE SUN SINCE YOUR LAST BIRTHDAY! THE SUN IS A . SO ARE THE OTHER TWINKLING DOTS OF LIGHT IN THE SKY AT NIGHT.
  • 5. THE BIG GLOWING CIRCLE IN THE SKY AT NIGHT? THAT IS THE THE MOON IS LIKE A PLANET, BUT IT GOES AROUND THE EARTH. THE SUN SHINES ON IT TO MAKE IT BRIGHT. SOME OF US HAVE WALKED ON THE MOON!
  • 6. SOME OF THE BRIGHT SPOTS IN THE NIGHT SKY ARE PLANETS TOO. THEY DON’T TWINKLE, BUT THEY DO GO AROUND THE SUN THE SUN AND OTHER STARS GO AROUND THE MILKY WAY. THE MILKY WAY IS A . GALAXIES HAVE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF STARS IN THEM.
  • 7.
  • 8. ON A PLANET… GOING AROUND A STAR… GOING AROUND A GALAXY…
  • 9. YOU CAME FROM INSIDE YOUR MOMMY. YOUR MOMMY CAME FROM INSIDE YOUR GRANDMOMMY. YOUR GRANDMOMMY CAME FROM INSIDE YOUR GREAT GRANDMOMMY. ON AND ON, BACK THROUGH TIME… 100 BA* 200 BA 1700 BA 2200 BA 3300 BA 25,000 BA …GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT GREAT… OVER 100,000 GREAT-GRANDMOMMIES AGO TO A MOMMY WHO LOOKED SOMETHING LIKE THIS: 3,000,000 BA *BA = “Birthdays Ago”
  • 10. BUT IT DOESN’T STOP THERE! SHE CAME FROM INSIDE HER MOMMY, WHO CAME FROM INSIDE HER GRANDMOMMY, WHO CAME FROM INSIDE HER GREAT-GRANDMOMMY… ONE MOMMY LOOKED LIKE THIS… …ANOTHER MOMMY LIKE THIS… …AND ANOTHER LIKE THIS 20,000,000 BA 60,000,000 BA 210,000,000 BA ON AND ON… …BACK THROUGH TIME… …CHANGING AND CHANGING 295,000,000 BA 375,000,000 BA 480,000,000 BA
  • 11. GETTING MORE AND MORE SIMPLE OVER HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF YEARS 530,000,000 BA 550,000,00 BA 1,500,000,000 BA A SINGLE CELL 3,500,000,000 BA
  • 12. FOR 2,000,000,000 BIRTHDAYS ON EARTH, ALL LIVING THINGS WERE SINGLE CELLS. THEN SOME CELLS STARTED WORKING TOGETHER. THIS MADE THEM STRONGER THAN THE SINGLE CELLS, SO THEY MULTIPLIED
  • 13. SOME TEAMS OF CELLS FORMED PLANTS THAT EAT SUNLIGHT OTHERS FORMED ANIMALS, THAT EAT PLANTS. DIFFERENT THINGS WORKED FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE.
  • 14. ANIMALS AND PLANTS KEPT ON CHANGING, TRYING OUT DIFFERENT THINGS. SOME ANIMALS, LIKE CRABS, WORE THEIR SKELETONS ON THE OUTSIDE. OTHER ANIMALS, LIKE FISH, WORE THEIR SKELETONS ON THE INSIDE. DIFFERENT THINGS WORKED FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE.
  • 15. ALL OF THIS WAS HAPPENING IN THE EARTH’S OCEANS, WHICH WERE GETTING PRETTY CROWDED… SO SOME PLANTS AND ANIMALS GREW TO LIVE ON THE LAND.
  • 16. CRABS AND OTHER ANIMALS FISH AND OTHER ANIMALS WITH OUTSIDE SKELETONS WITH INSIDE SKELETONS BECAME BUGS AND INSECTS. BECAME AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
  • 17. SOME LIZARDS BECAME DINOSAURS AND BIRDS AND TINY MAMMALS. SOME TINY MAMMALS BECAME ELEPHANTS, DOGS, CATS, WHALES, AND MONKEYS. SOME MONKEYS EVENTUALLY BECAME HOMO SAPIENS!
  • 18. A FEW HOURS LATER YOU YOU HAD A TAIL LIKE THIS WAS YOU YOUR GREW UP TO BE THIS A LIZARD ONCE! NUMBER OF BIRTHDAYS AGO (PLUS NINE MONTHS INSIDE YOUR MOMMY.) YOU HAD GILLS LIKE A FISH ONCE TOO! AND EYES ON THE SIDE OF YOU YOUR HEAD LIKE A MOUSE! GREW AND AND AND GREW GREW GREW AND AND AND GREW GREW GREW
  • 19. BIG BRAIN! LOTS OF TEAMS OF CELLS! OPPOSABLE THUMBS! WARM BLOODED! SKELETON ON THE INSIDE! WALKS ON TWO FEET!
  • 20. THERE ARE OVER 7,000,000,000 HOMO SAPIENS ON PLANET EARTH (PLUS A FEW OUT IN SPACE) AND ANOTHER FOUR ARE BORN EVERY SECOND!
  • 21.
  • 22. BUT WE ARE ALL PART OF A TEAM CALLED NEW YORK DUBAI RIO DE JANERO HONG KONG
  • 23. OUR CIVILIZATION ISN’T PERFECT BUT WE ARE ALWAYS WORKING TO MAKE IT BETTER
  • 24. EVERY BIRTHDAY WE ARE SMARTER THAN WE WERE ON THE LAST BIRTHDAY, JUST LIKE YOU GET SMARTER TOO AS YOUR GUARDIAN MY PURPOSE IS TO HELP YOU GROW UP TO BE AS GOOD AS ME AT LIFE AND CONTRIBUTING TO CIVILIZATION.
  • 25. HOPEFULLY THIS BOOK HAS FILLED YOU WITH QUESTIONS HERE’S SOME OF MY FAVORITE QUESTIONS • WHERE DID THE DINOSAURS GO? (HINT: LOOK UP IN THE SKY AND TREES) • WHY DOESN’T THE MOON ALWAYS LOOK ROUND? • CAN YOU FIND YOUR HOUSE ON GOOGLE EARTH? • IS THERE LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS? (HINT: SETI, EXOPLANETS) • DOES THE EARTH HAVE A BIRTHDAY? (HINT: EQUINOXES, SOLSTICES) • WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT FOUR HOMO SAPIENS ARE BORN EVERY SECOND? (TRY COUNTING IN MULTIPLES OF FOUR) • CAN YOU FIND THE PLANETS ON GOOGLE SKY? • CAN YOU FIND AND NAME THE ANIMALS AND PLANTS IN THIS BOOK? • EVERYTHING ON EARTH IS POWERED BY THE SUN, EVEN YOU. CAN YOU FIGURE OUT HOW YOU ARE POWERED BY THE SUN? CAN YOU FIGURE OUT HOW A CAR, LIGHT BULB, OR RIVER RUNS ON THE SUN? • WHAT MAKES IT COLD IN THE WINTER AND WARM IN THE SUMMER? • ANIMALS AND PLANTS CHANGING OVER BILLIONS OF YEARS IS CALLED “EVOLUTION,” IS LIFE STILL EVOLVING TODAY? ARE PEOPLE EVOLVING STILL? • WHERE DID THE FIRST CELL COME FROM?
  • 26. This book would not be possible without these Public Domain and Creative Commons Photos: Cover - Andes Hike by Trey Ratcliff Page 13 http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/3410667874/ Kelp by NOAA http://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4115872878/ Page 4 - Sun by Pranav Yaddanapudi: Sea Urchin by cassimano http://www.flickr.com/people/neychurluvr/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/cassimano/2522688766/ Page 15 Page 5 - Moon by Anita Ritenour Plants by Ryan Somma http://www.flickr.com/photos/puliarfanita/4927482821/ Tarantula by calwest Page 3, 6 , 7, 8, 20 Photos by NASA http://www.flickr.com/photos/mwestcalifornia/256897572/ Page 9 - Marie Curie, Ada Lovelace, Hypatia, Minerva, Nefertiti, and Milipede by e_monk Woman from Brassempou in Public Domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/e_monk/4195187637/ Page 10 – 11 Damselfly by Thomas Shahan A Mother's Touch by Eric Heupel http://www.flickr.com/photos/eclectic- http://www.flickr.com/photos/opoterser/2651845380/ echoes/54629630/ Page 18 Images by NHS Human Services Ring Tail Lemur in Berenty by David Dennis Page 21 http://www.flickr.com/photos/davidden/2269694846/ A Face in the Crowd (detail) by Michelle Tricca Photography African Giant Shrew - A Fascinating One by Joey M. http://www.michelletricca.com/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jomak14/2836615665/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/colemama/5743773308/ Eryops by ellenm1 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ellenm1/4261041794/ Page 22 Tiktaalik by Linden Tea New York by Nathan Siemers http://www.flickr.com/photos/linden_tea/5212816060/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/nosha/3043953285/ Coelacanth by Sini Merikallio Rio de Janero by Ashley Ringrose http://www.flickr.com/photos/smerikal/6227540054/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrtruffle/2832477421/ Dubai by Kamel Lebtahi Aquatic Caecilian by Brian Gratwicke http://www.flickr.com/photos/klebtahi/4691365686/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/briangratwicke/3014114826/ Hong Kong Skyline by Spreng Ben Jellyfish by Giorgos Vintzileos http://www.flickr.com/photos/sprengben/4315145017/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/vintzileos/2732523414/ Page 23 Slime Mold by Richard Droker Eastern Virginia Medical School by Wugging Gavagai http://www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/4148954138/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/the10101/3998377171/ Single Cell by Wikipedia User Perezoso Large Hadron Collider by CERN http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SFRP1_64cell.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnmcnab/4248698746/ Page 12 Oxford by Fr Lawrence Lew, O.P. http://www.flickr.com/photos/paullew/3521964549/ Cells by Patrick Hoesly ISS - NASA http://www.flickr.com/photos/zooboing/3662883261/ Page 24 Multicellular by Daniel Kulinski Yosemite by Justin Kern http://www.flickr.com/photos/didmyself/6312323838/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/justinwkern/5756196362/ Page 14, 16, 17, 19 Photos by Ryan Somma