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Safe Blood;  Facts, Challenges and Future Directions Dr. Saba Jamal   Ziauddin University Hospital
Facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  International Standards For  Screening of Blood
Hepatitis B - Virus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rationale for Anti-HBc Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hepatitis C - Virus ,[object Object],[object Object]
Human Deficiency Virus (HIV) ELISA/ EIA is the test of choice for Anti HIV 1 & 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Window Periods Markers of infection
SYPHILIS ,[object Object],[object Object]
Malaria ,[object Object],[object Object]
Malaria ,[object Object],[object Object]
Bacterial Contamination; ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Infectious Risks of Blood Transfusion in the United States ,[object Object],[object Object],1:1,900,000  1:63,000 1:1,600,000 ,[object Object],[object Object],1:1,000 1:2,000 ,[object Object],<1:1,000,000 Infectious agent or outcome Estimated Risk  per Unit transmited ,[object Object],Virus Bacteria Parasite
Screening Performed in Pakistan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Challenges in Pakistan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Future Directions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank You

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