Agronomic investigations on tall chickpea genotypes suitable for mechanical harvesting
1. Picture here
Agronomic investigations on
tall chickpea genotypes suitable
for mechanical harvesting
Researcher : S B Patil
Major Advisor : C P Mansur
Co-Advisor : P M Gaur
University of Agricultural Sciences,
Dharwad
2. Chickpea
SN – Cicer arietinum L.
Family – Leguminoseae
Chickpea is a herbaceous annual, cool season food legume and
is grown as a winter crop in the tropics and as a summer or
spring crop in the temperate environments.
It has tap root system, which is usually deep and strong.
The lateral roots develop nodules with the symbiotic Rhizobium
bacteria, capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in plant-usable
form.
The leaves are imparipinnate with serrated leaflets and arise
alternatively from the third node.
3. The entire surface of the plant shoot, except the corolla, is
densely covered with fine hairs known as trichomes.
Many are glandular and secrete a highly acidic substance
containing malic, oxalic and citric acids.
The plants have primary (generally 1-8), secondary and tertiary
branches.
Five growth habits, based on angle of branches from the vertical,
are classified: erect, semi-erect, semi-spreading, spreading and
prostrate.
The erect and semi-erect varieties enable mechanical harvesting.
4. Farmers want to cultivate more areas of chickpea is to increase
the net income generated from their production, since chickpea is
still very important in India diet, but labour avialibility in India is
scare for timely harvesting of crop and also expensive.
An economic method to harvest crop is one means to reduce
production costs.
Mechanical harvesting will reduce the cost of production as
compared to manual harvest.
Hand harvest is not only expensive, but also causes seed loss
due to shattering and delay in harvesting.
5. 1. To study the performance of tall chickpea genotypes
under rainfed and irrigated ecosystem.
2. To study the effect of various plant densities on chickpea
under rainfed and irrigated ecosystem.
3. To study the interaction effect between genotypes and
plant densities under irrigated and rainfed ecosystems.
4. To study the performance of tall chickpea genotypes for
mechanical harvesting.
5. To study the economics of the production system.
Objectives
6. Experiment – I
Performance of tall chickpea genotypes suitable for
mechanical harvesting at different planting density
under rainfed ecosystems
Experiment – II
Performance of tall chickpea genotypes suitable for
mechanical harvesting at different planting density
under irrigated ecosystems
7. Main plot : Genotype (G)
G1: ICCV-11601
G2: ICCV-11602
G3: ICCV-11603
G4: ICCV-11604
G5: JG-11 (Check)
Sub plot : Plant density (D)
D1: 3.33 lakh ha-1 (Normal plant density)
D2: 3.99 lakh ha-1 (20 per cent higher than D1)
D3: 4.66 lakh ha-1 (40 per cent higher than D1)
Treatment details
8. Growth attributes
Days to emergence
Plant height
Number of primary branches per plant
Number of secondary branches per plant
Leaf area per plant
Dry matter accumulation and partitioning
Days to 50% flowering
Days to maturity
Plant canopy spread
Days to first flower
Days to first pod
Vegetative growth period
Reproductive growth period
Nodules per plant
Nodules dry weight per plant
Observation recorded
9. Yield and yield attributes
Total number of pods per plant
Number of filled pods per plant
Number of unfilled/immature pods per plant
Immature pod %
Pod yield per plant
Number of seeds per pod
Number of seed per plant
Seed yield per plant
100 seed weight
First pod height
Seed yield ha-1
Biological yield ha-1
Harvest index (%)
Pests incidence
Weed density
Weed biomass
Pod borer damage (%)
Wilt incidence
Rust incidence
10. Growth indices
Leaf area index (LAI)
Leaf area duration (LAD)
Crop growth rate (CGR)
Absolute growth rate (AGR)
Relative growth rate (RGR)
Net assimilation rate (NAR)
Leaf area index (LAI)
Leaf area duration (LAD)
Physiological parameters
Chlorophyll content (SPAD)
Leaf relative water content
Light absorption ratio
Light transmission ratio
11. Chemical analysis
N content in plant
P content in plant
K content in plant
N uptake
P uptake
K uptake
Soil av. N
Soil av. P
Soil av. K
Soil organic carbon content
Soil pH
Soil EC
Economic analysis
Cost of cultivation
Gross income
Net income
Benefit-cost ratio (B:C)
53. Field efficiency and energy consumption as influenced by chickpea genotypes under mechanical
and conventional harvesting method
Genotype
Field efficiency (%) Energy consumption (kW. h fed-1)
MH CH
Mean
difference
t-test
value
MH CH
Mean
difference
t-test
value
ICCV-11601 77.38 60.11 17.27 9.03* 10.07 9.86 0.21 0.63NS
ICCV-11602 76.11 63.55 12.56 7.07* 10.36 10.95 -0.59 1.82NS
ICCV-11603 77.07 59.47 17.60 8.86* 9.91 9.63 0.28 0.65NS
ICCV-11604 77.14 60.50 16.64 8.83* 9.96 9.95 0.01 0.03NS
JG-11 (Check) 71.72 64.02 7.70 6.25* 14.61 12.67 1.94 3.98*
S.Em± 0.38 0.37 0.11 0.07
C.D. (P=0.05) 1.18 1.13 0.35 0.21
MH : Mechanical harvesting; CH : Conventional harvesting
NS : Non-significant; *Significant at 5% level
54. Economic analysis of mechanical and conventional harvesting method
Parameters
Genotypes
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5
Combine harvester charges, Rs./h 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Actual field capacity of machine, fed/h 0.84 0.82 0.86 0.85 0.58
Operation cost, Rs./ha 1184 1219 1166 1172 1718
Monetary value of losses, Rs./fed 835 1010 511 649 4971
Total mechanical harvest cost, Rs./fed 2019 2229 1677 1821 6689
Cost of conventional harvesting 3156 3386 2778 3004 3800
Benefit over conventional harvesting 1137 1157 1101 1183 -2889
G1 : ICCV-11601 : erect and tall genotype
G2 : ICCV-11602 : erect and tall genotype
G3 : ICCV-11603 : erect and tall genotype
G4 : ICCV-11604: erect and tall genotype
G5 : JG-11 : semi-erect genotype
55. Chickpea genotypes during rabi season under irrigated
ecosystem results in higher seed yield compared to rainfed
ecosystem.
The semi-erect genotype JG-11 planted at 40 per cent higher
plant density followed by 20 per cent higher plant density
produced higher seed yield compared to other treatments. The
tall genotype, ICCV-11604 planted at 40 per cent higher plant
density produced on par seed yield (2258 kg ha-1) with JG-11
planted at normal density (2299 kg ha-1) under rainfed
ecosystem. But under irrigated ecosystem the former
combination produced higher seed yield (2840 kg ha-1) than
planting JG-11 at normal density (2666 kg ha-1) and on par
seed yield with JG-11 at 20 per cent higher plant density (2882
kg ha-1).
Practical utility
56. Mechanical harvesting of semi-erect genotype JG-11 recorded
20.03 per cent higher total grain losses compared tall
genotypes.
Planting tall chickpea genotype ICCV-11604 at 40 per cent
higher density under irrigation ecosystem produced higher
seed yield compared to JG-11 by minimizing the grain losses in
mechanical harvesting was found to be optimum for higher
yield of chickpea and this treatment combination is an
appropriate agronomic practice to be disseminated to the
farming community for obtaining higher productivity in
chickpea.
57. Need to improve further productivity of tall genotypes by
nutrient management.
Need to conducting such studies in different agroclimatic zones
of India.
Efforts are needed to breed tall genotypes with still higher yield
potential.
Future line of work