1. Yıldırım İ. Tosun1*, Devlet Ciragoglu2
1,2 Faculty of
Engineering, University Sırnak, Sırnak
* Corresponding Author. Tel: +90(544) 5896824, Fax:
(486) 2164844, E-mail: yildirimtosun@sirnak.edu.tr
1

2. Aim
 Gasification plays an important role in providing
the power, chemical and refining industries with
economically competitive and environmentally
conscious technology options to produce
electricity, fuels and chemicals.
 The gasification process for Sırnak asphaltite
 The production of liquid and gaseous fuels may
improve local industry in energy aspect
2

3. Scope
 The gasification process for Sırnak asphaltite ,
 uses a kiln type furnace,
 as the heat carrier solid coal ash and flue gas are
used.
 The process can accept shale fines.
 The oil yield varies, averaging approximately 2228% on raw coal basis.
 The oil contains 15–20 % low-boiling fractions.
3

4. Review
 The significant amount of electricity is produced primarily
from coal in the world as given in Table 1
South Africa
93%
Australia
78%
Israel
58%
Greece
54%
Poland
87%
Kazakhstan
75%
Czech Rep
51%
USA
45%
PR China
79%
India 68%
Morocco
51%
Germany
41%
4

5. Electricity Production from Primarily Resources in
Turkey revised regarding 2011 coal report data
 Eurocoal, EIA and TKI Reports
48.7
Production,%
50
40
30
20
10
0
17.8
22.3
5.7
3.8
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
5

6. PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF TURKISH LIGNITES. (ADB:AIR
DRIED BASE. DB:DRIED BASE, DAB:DRIED ASHLESS BASE).
Coal Type
Şırnak
Asphaltite
Şırnak
Lignite
Kütahya
Gediz
Soma
Kısrakdere
Ash,
Moistur Total
Volatile
% ADB e,% ADB S,% DB Matter,% DAB
49.3
0.1
8.1
62.6
29.3
18.1
3.1
52.6
22.0
1.7
3.6
42.7
13.8
14.0
2.2
40.4
6

7. Particle Size Distribution and Normal Size
Distribution of Turkish Lignites
100
90
30mm coal
80
10 mm coal
Undersize,%
70
5 mm coal
60
2,5 mm coal
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Particle Size, micron
7

8. Particle Size Distribution and Normal Size
Distribution of Turkish Lignites
90
30mm coal
80
10 mm coal
70
Undersize,%
60
5 mm coal
50
2,5 mm coal
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Particle Size, micron
8

9. Polarized microscopy of coal sample
9

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. KCl
CaCl2
100
NaCl
Marble Fine
MgO
Hydrated
Lime
Lime
Sulfur Removal,%
Soma Lignite
Gediz Lignite
50
0

14. Sulfur Hold-up Ratio at Char,%
70
60
50
40
30
Kütahya Gediz
Soma Lignite
Şırnak Asphaltite
Şırnak Lignite
20
10
0
400
450
500
550
600
650
Pyrolysis Temperature,oC
14

15. Comparison of Probable Evaluation of Turkish
Lignite, Hardcoal and Biomass in pyrolysis, coalgasification process
70
Lignite
60
Biomass
50
Coal
40
30
20
10
0
Production,Mton/yr
Ash,%
Calorific Val,100xkcal/kg Oil Yield,%
Gas Yield,%
15

16. Effect of gasification temperature of coal over
Char Yield rate in Fluidised Bed gasification
process of Coal and Lignite
0.6
Char Yield Rate
0.5
0.4
0.3
Sırnak asphaltite
0.2
Gediz lignite
0.1
Sırnak lignite
0
700
750
800
850
900
950
Gasification Temperature, oC
16

17. Effect of gasification temperature on coal
conversion and gasified yield rates in Fluidised
Bed gasification process of Coal and Lignite
Carbon Converted to Gas
Yield,%
60
50
40
30
20
Soma Lignite
Şırnak Asphaltite
10
Şırnak Lignite
0
500
600
700
800
900
Gasification Temperature,oC
17

18. 50
Oil and Gas Yield,%
45
Soma Lignite
Gediz Lignite
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10 micron
0,1mm
0,2 mm
0,6 mm
1 mm
18

19. •The country needs the cleanest fuel to be produced providing
the essential oils and gases. For this reason, Kütahya
Gediz, Soma lignite, Sırnak asphaltite and lignite locally
successfully tested. Advanced coal washing of Şırnak
asphaltites, pyrolysis and gasification of clean products could be
managed at the projected way. The production of liquid and
gaseous fuels may improve local industry in energy aspect and
the proposed development in the Southeastern Anatolian region
may further improve the diversification of fuels in local energy
market.
•Pyrolysis of different types of Turkish lignites was succesfully
processed in terms of deashing and desulfurization and even
reduction of volatile matter.
•The specimens of different types of Turkish lignite, Şırnak
asphaltite and lignite were greatly desulfurized at 46% and 67%
rate by lime, respectively. Soma Kısrakdere lignite was
desulfurized at 66% rate by lime.
19

20. •For Şırnak asphaltite and lignite the heavy media devices should
be used for washing and lower ash contents than 15% for clean
coal products should be subjected to presented gasification
process.
•While scale up plant projected, proposed pyrolysis gasification
process in order to high amount of oil yield and the highest level
of efficiency in the gasification of carbonized gas was managed
over 700oC and below 800 oC. Between these temperatures, high
liquid and gas fuel production efficiencies were determined at
the 55% and 57% values for Şırnak lignite and asphaltite, and
other one optimized pyrolysis parameter was the particle size
distribution fed to the furnace was ranged among 0,2 mm and 10
microns for Turkish lignites.
•Even the projects contributing to the side of the forest waste
biomass as raw material, cellulosic waste resource can be
processed with the lignites [25-28]. Some extent mixing was
carried out in order to improve the pyrolysis quality of Şırnak
asphaltite and lignite so that ash and sulfur contents of lignite
samples would be so lower than the best gasification conditions.
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