1. METABOLISM
By. Lilik Hidayah,SPd.MP.

2. METABOLISM ………?
Metabolism:
all of the reactions in the organism body that
involve energy transformation
(Yunani metabole:berubah).
Metabolism includes :
1. Catabolism: breaks large molecules into smaller
ones; usually releases energy
2. anabolism: synthesis of large molecules from
smaller ones; usually for the storage of energy
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Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP.
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3. ENZYMES
ENZYMES
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Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP.
METABOLISM
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4. ENZYME (BIOKATALISATOR)
 Enzymes are subtance (protein) that can accelerate
a chemical reaction, but it does not follow to
react, pass by reducing activation energy needed
for a reaction
 Called biocatalyst
 Enzymes regulate cell metabolism
Substrat enzim :
reaktan dimana enzim akan bekerja.
Produk :
materi baru yg dihasilkan dari reaksi kimia yg
dikatalis enzim
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5. THE EFFECT OF AN ENZYME ON ACTIVATION
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6. THE COMPOSITION OF
ENZYME
1. Enzim protein sederhana: hanya terdiri atas protein
2. Enzim konjugasi/holoenzim: terdiri atas…..
– protein (apoenzim): bersifat lebih labil krn terpengaruh oleh
suhu dan pH
– non protein (gugus prostetik), gugus aktif enzim berperan
dalam membantu aktivitas katalitic enzim  dpt berikatan kuat
dg tempat aktif secara permanen, dpt berikatan lemah dan
reversible bersama-sama dg subtrat.
Macam:
A. Kofaktor: molekul anorganik, mis: Fe, Cu, Zn
B. Koenzim: molekul organic, mis: NADH, FADH, vitamin
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Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP.
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7. THE COMPOSITION OF
ENZYME
CONTOH KOENZIM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
NAD (koenzim 1)
NADP (koenzim 2)
FMN dan FAD
Cytokrom: cytokrom a, a3, b, b6, c, dan f
Plastoquinon, plastosianin, feredoksin
ATP: senyawa organik berenergi tinggi, mengandung 3 gugus P dan adenin
ribose
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8. 1.
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9.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF
ENZYME
Enzyme is a protein
Biocatalytic
Control rates of metabolic reactions
Lower activation energy needed to start
reactions
Work/Substrate spesifically
One enzyme molecule can work frequently
It is reversible in working
Work inside cell or outside cell
Shape of active site determines substrate
Lilik Hidayah, SPd.MP.
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9. HOW AN ENZYME WORKS
WORKING METHOD OF
ENZYME
1. THE LOCK AND KEY THEORY (1890)
2. INDUCED FIT THEORY (1958)
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10. CATATAN:
1. Logam, memacu aktifitas enzim: Mg, Mn, Co, Fe
2. Logam berat, menghambat aktivitas enzim:
Pb, Cu, Z n, Cd, Ag
3. vitamin memacu kerja enzim
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11. THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
ENZYME ACTIVITY
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Temperature
pH
Concentration of enzymes
Concentration of substrats
Concentration of products
Water
Inhibitor
1. Irreversible Inhibitor
2. Reversible Inhibitor
3. Competitive inhibitor
4. Competitive inhibitor
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12. NOMENCLATURE AND
GROUPING OF ENZYME
• Enzyme is named based on its subtrate and given by suffix “ase”
ex. Lipase, amilase, maltase, etc.
• Systematic method
Systematic nomenclature is based on the reaction which happens
ex. ATP + glucose  ADP + glucose 6-fosfat
enzymes is ATP glucose 6-fosfatase
• Trivial method
short nomenclature of an enzymes, ex. hexokinase
• Enzyme is named based on that happens in a reaction enzymes
is grouped:
– Hydrolase: Akhir reaksi dihasilkan air ex. Lipase, amilase
– Desmolase: memecah ikatan kimia ex.
Transaminase, karboksilase
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