1. Copyright IMEC
The Flemish Cognitive Radio
Research Cluster
Filip Louagie on behalf of
IBCN-Ghent,
SMIT-Brussels,
PATS-Antwerp and
IMEC-Leuven
Wireless, wireless is everywhere …
1995 2000 2005 2010
High 3GPP
3.5G
speed 3G LTE
2G
digital
ed
s pe
igh- 802.16e
s h cess 802.16m
tou
qui ata ac of
Medium
v oi
ce Ubi d net
speed
ter gs
In hin
1G t
analog
WiMAX
802.11n
Low 802.11b 802.11g
speed HDR 60GHz
Bluetooth WPAN WPAN
10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps
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The wireless capacity has doubled every
30 months over the last 104 years
Factor 1.000.000 since 1957:
• Faster with better modulation schemes: 5X
• Wider because of more bandwidth: 25X
• Distributed because of smaller cells: 1600X
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Frequency spectrum is very crowded but
moving out of the band is an option
[Wil05
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Sharing of a shared resource:
tragedy of the commons
Additional rules and
agreements needed to
achieve efficient spectrum
sharing
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A heterogeneous network environment needs
intelligent radio’s and new network protocols
Symbiotic merging
– distributed network discovery (broadcast channel or sensing)
– network binding
• negotiation of cooperative network parameters (temporary
common communication channel)
• Monitoring of cooperation: sensing
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University Gent (IBCN) and University Antwerp (PATS)
develop protocols for Symbiotic Networks
• Definition
– Symbiotic networks are independent co-located homogeneous & heterogeneous, wired &
wireless networks that cooperate across all layers and across network boundaries through
advanced sharing of information, infrastructure and (networking) services
– Symbiotic network solutions pave the way to cross-network optimization, leading to
• more efficient use of scarce spectrum
• more efficient energy consumption
• lower radio emissions (green radio)
• better QoS guarantees
• improved scalability
• new & advanced cross-network services Network A
• Concept for symbiotic networking establishment I want to share my nodes for
Network A
1. Creating profile routing
I am network A I am currently operating at channel
2. Distributed network discovery x routing cost is X
My
I have symbiotic network
3. Negotiation capabilities.
• Setting up negotiation channel You can contact me at channel x Let’s agree on
• Negotiation on cross-network channel z and
communication parameters joint routing
• Negotiation on incentives for cooperation
4. Incentive-driven cooperative networking Network A
5. Sharing of services Network B
Network B
II am currently operating at for
want to share my nodes channel
yrouting
My routing cost is Y
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Wireless wireless everywhere …
and the radio starts to think
• Step 1: Distributed Coexistence of
Heterogeneous Networks
– Heterogeneous networks awareness through spectrum sensing
– Adaptation to minimize harmful interference based on sensing
• Step 2: Cooperative (Coexistence of)
Heterogeneous Networks
– Communication with heterogeneous networks through SDR
– Adaptation to minimize interference based on agreements
• Step 3: Collaborative Heterogeneous Networks
– Awareness through spectrum sensing
– Optimal collaboration to improve user QoS given the spectral (and
energy) resource constraints.
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Step 1: Distributed Coexistence of
Heterogeneous Networks
• Focus on spectrum sensing functionality for the
terminal, demonstrated on IMEC’s
reconfigurable analog FE
- Signal Knowledge +
Square-Law (Energy) Autocorrelation Correlation
LO DIST
LNA PLL 1
D Q
MIX Rx LPF VGA
M
Time Frequency Time Frequency Time Frequency
Rx LPF VGA
Energy Welch
Preamble Tx LPF
D Q
Detector Periodogram Preamble MIX NOC
M
Autocorrelation Cyclostationarity Spectral Tx LPF
Power Correlation
LO DIST
Wavelet-based Feature Detect Correlation
Detector Eigenvalue Based PPA
Detection PLL 2
Sensing Pilot Carrier
Pilot Energy Covariance Based Correlation
Detection Sensing
Pilot Energy
Multi-Resolution Position Antenna
Sensing Correlation
Antenna Energy
Combining
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Step 2: Cooperative (Coexistence of)
Heterogeneous Networks
• Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology to
enable communication between heterogeneous
terminals/networks Platform
(ADC) ctrl
(ARM)
Reconf AFE Baseband
Scaldio
signal path
DFE tile SyncPro BB engine
engine
BW optimized Baseband
Scaldio DFE tile SyncPro scalable BB engine
engine
interconnect
Scaldio DFE tile SyncPro FEC engine
Shared Front-end Periph
components
L2 and HI
(BEAR ‘Baseband Engine for Adaptive Radio’)
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Step 3: Collaborative Heterogeneous
Networks
• Focus on integrated sensing solution, for a
range of scenarios
Scenarios Concrete sensing
focus summary
Heterogeneous load 802.11a/ local database of
Energy Detection
Autocorrelation
sharing b/g/n + channel use (heter)
Correlation
FFT/Filterbank
LTE + heterog LBS AGC
Spectrum Infrastructure-based LTE + Infrastructure- Flexible FIR
Halfband filter
sharing load sharing 802.16m assisted database filter
distributed self 802.11b/ Heterog. LBS + 2
management g+ local database of Re-sampler/
802.15.4 other channels (Multi-band) Sensing interpolator
Spectrum upgrade of licensed TV white Very low SNR –
Synchronization
upgrade spectrum spaces protect incumbent
upgrade of unlicensed 802.11a+ Variable BW LBS – RX buffer
spectrum 802.11n unknown BW Rx
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University Brussels (SMIT) looks into
Business models and regulation
• Business model analysis
– Construction, modeling and validation of use cases and scenarios for
Cognitive Radio
– Scenarios both technical and user oriented
• User oriented: focus on user value in diverse set of everyday life
situations (performed within E2RII project)
• Technical: focus on flexible spectrum management, dynamic
spectrum allocation, autonomic functionalities and Cognitive
Enablers (e.g. the Cognitive Pilot Channel – performed within E3
project)
– Contribution to the formation of business model ontology for
Cognitive Radio Systems, i.e. the Unified Business Model (UBM)
– Qualitative Sensitivity Analysis for specific use cases
– Projected future activities: CR cost and market structure analysis,
increased focus on sensing functionalities, application to a Flemish
context
Surname + Name
Louagie Filip
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University Brussels (SMIT) looks into
Business models and regulation
• Study of spectrum policy and regulation
– Potential business impact of new spectrum policy paradigms enabled
by or enabling CR: spectrum trading, spectrum leasing, secondary
use, unlicensed use etc.
– Introduction of cognitive radio in specific cases, e.g. TV White
Spaces
• Study of CR standardization
– Impact of design choices in standardization on market structure for
CR technologies
– Potential impact of multi-layered standardization processes
• iLab.o – Lab for open innovation in ICT
– Organising and facilitating policy and industry workshops and
brainstorms
Surname + Name
Louagie Filip
IMEC confidential 2009
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