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HEAT CHANGES IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS,[object Object]
The chemical reaction that results in heat produced is called an exothermic reaction.,[object Object],Example- Dissolving sodium hydroxide in water.,[object Object]
Exothermic reaction accompanied by a rise in temperature of the surrounding.,[object Object]
The chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding is called an endothermic reaction.,[object Object],Example- Dissolving ammonium chloride in water.,[object Object]
Endothermic reaction resulting a drop of the temperature of the surrounding.,[object Object]
Energy graph for an exothermic reaction,[object Object]
Energy graph for an endothermic reaction.,[object Object]
The change of energy level in a chemical reaction is denoted by the symbol  ,[object Object]
When the energy level of the product is higher than that of reactants , energy is absorbed.,[object Object],The reaction is endothermic       and is (+) ve.,[object Object]
When the energy level of the product is lower than the reactants, energy is released.,[object Object],The reaction is exothermic       and is (-) ve.,[object Object]
HEAT CHANGES IN INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL REACTION,[object Object],If a reaction is exothermic and reversible, heating the process to a very high temperature would decrease the yield of the products.,[object Object],Example- Production of ammonia,[object Object]
HABER PROCESS,[object Object],Production of ammonia,[object Object],Nitrogen + Hydrogen     Ammonia +  Heat,[object Object],Heat is given off. So a low temperature will give better yield.,[object Object],But a low temperature will cause the reaction to proceed slowly.,[object Object],A moderate temperature of 450-500      is used.,[object Object]
CONTACT PROCESS,[object Object],Production of sulphuric acid.,[object Object],Sulphur dioxide + Oxygen      Sulphurtrioxide    + Heat,[object Object],Heat is given off. So a low temperature will give better yield.,[object Object],But a low temperature will cause the reaction to proceed slowly.,[object Object],A moderate temperature of 400-500      is normally used.,[object Object]
The sulphur trioxide is passed into concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum.,[object Object],Sulphur trioxide + Con. Sulphuric acid      Oleum,[object Object],Oleum + Water     Sulphuric acid,[object Object]

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